第二部分：写作流程和模版
Issue
1) 起始段写法
方法(1),先复述原题, 表明立场
The speaker asserts that _________. Although the speaker’s position is not wholly insupportable, far more compelling arguments can be made for _______.
2) 复述原题,指出其复杂性,说明自己的立场
The issue that _______ is a complex one, since it involves a conflict between _____ and _______. In my view, the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of two key factors.
3) 复述两种立场,表明立场
Since the 1960s, there has been some heated discussion on the ________. Some people maintain that __________, while other people argue that _______. By comparison, I tend to favor latter point of view.
2)中间段写法
方法(1)有让步的同意
To begin with, compared with the past, great changes have taken place in the ________. As a result, ________. With the time goes by, it is natural that ________. What’s more, (原因2)the pattern of ______as a whole also undergoes certain dramatic transformation. So _________.(原因3)Finally, the country has, for the past decades, witnessed an upsurge of ______. So nowadays, a variety of modern technical devices are available. By and by, the young people find it more convenient to contact their parents through telephone or E-mails instead of staying with their parents. Those who advocate _________ might point out that ______. Even so, the situation is not absolute, nor is it the most critical element. As a matter of fact, ______.
方法(2) 有让步的不同意
Admittedly, those who preach about the so-called advantages of _____ do contain some element of truth. For instance, __________. Nevertheless, these arguers tend to neglect three other essential factors, the most important of which, I propose, is that ________. Additionally, numerous studies have shown that _________. Finally, suppose ______ who ______. Surely enough, ____________.
方法(3)拒绝选择立场
Since the 1960s, the world has witnessed some dramatic changes in the _______. Under such conditions, it is not uncommon that ______________. For example, ________. In some other instances, however, the above-mentioned situation is not always adequate. For instance, suppose _________ who _______. Surely enough, _________. Another exception to this approach is the case of _______. Admittedly, these are exceptional cases , yet they do exist.
3)结论段
方法(1) 重申立场
In conclusion, __________.
方法(2) 重申立场,提一些建议措施
Given the considerations above, it is safe to conclude that ______has exerted impacts on the sustainable development of _____, but what measures should be taken to arrest and reverse this situation? ______are expected to launch comprehensive projects that attach due importance to ______. For another thing, people in urban areas, ______ in particular, are expected to enhance their awareness that _______. Many options still exist, and human beings can still have a bright future under a harmonious family atmosphere. As an old saying goes, “______.”
ISSUE写作 “五不能”
1) 观点不能缺乏角度
2) 观点绝对不能化
3) 专业术语不能过多
4) 例证陈腐不能陈腐
5) 不能过度依赖个人经历
Argumentation
1) 起始段
方法(1)
Since the 1960s, there has been some heated discussion on the ______. Some people maintain that _________. What they preach about does contain some elements of truth, however, through decades of observation and practice, it turns out that their statement has many restrictions.
方法(2)
The author of this argument claims that _________. To support this claim the author cites certain evidence involving his own experience and observation with the issue. However, close scrutiny of this evidence reveals that it lends little credit for the author’s assertion.
方法(3)
The statement endorsed in this remark is that _______. However, this argument involves the sort of gross oversimplification and emotional appeal typical of eloquence and rhetoric. For this reason, it is rather convincing.
2) 拓展段: 首先承认前者观点的合理之处, 然后找到至少两点坏处
方法(1)
Admittedly, those who preach about the so-called advantages of _____ do contain some element of truth. For instance, __________. Nevertheless, these arguers tend to neglect three other essential factors. First, ______. Second, _______. Third and last, _______.To sum up, the notion held by the author is not justified.
方法(2)
The major problem with this argument is that __________. Another problem that undermines the argument above is that _______. Granted that ________, it doesn’t follow that __________.
方法(3)
Admittedly, the idea held by those who __________ does contain an element of truth. For example, according to the survey,_________. But these arguers tend to ignore two other essential aspects. First, the arguers fail to take into account the possibility that __________. In this sense, ______is not always synonymous to ________. Second, the arguers’ assertion doesn’t provide sufficient data to narrow down the exact extent of the financial loss. Therefore, any further conclusion addressing the problem of space research must be based on thorough investigation. As a matter of fact, ___________.In this respect, money return is not the sole hallmark of the space research. Given reasons above, the argument above, under a careful examination, turns out to be groundless in its hasty conclusion.
3) 结论段写法
方法(1) 总结漏洞
In conclusion, the arguers’ evidence lends little credible support to her claim. To persuade people that space research is a waste of money, the arguers would need to provide clear evidence, sufficient data and thorough cost-benefit analysis of alternatives
方法(2)提出建议措施
Given the considerations above, it is safe to conclude that ______has exerted impacts on the sustainable development of _____, but what measures should be taken to arrest and reverse this situation? For one thing, ______are expected to launch comprehensive projects that attach due importance to ______. For another thing, people in urban areas, ______ in particular, are expected to enhance their awareness that _______. Many options still exist, and human beings can still have a bright future under a harmonious family atmosphere. As an old saying goes, “______.”
