22. A) What to bring for registration. A) 登记时需要带什么。
B) Where to attend the class. B) 到哪里去上课。
C) How he can get to Frost Hall. C) 去弗罗斯特大厅怎么走。
D) Whether he can use a check. D) 他是否能用支票。
【听音指导】根据“前二后二必考”原则，本题又为本对话的最后一题，此题必在文章后面出题。由四选项的形式可初步推测，本题考查的是问题的内容。
【正确项分析】本题的问题直截了当，在原文中男士给出了明确的提问，Is there anything that I should bring with me? 与选项A同义。
【干扰项分析】许多考生按照常理或主观臆测选定选项B，此项在原文中恰恰没有提到。原文中男士也明确表明I know how to get there，选项C是多余的。文中虽提到checkbook，是女士对男士问题的回答，而非男士的发问，故排除。
【原文及译文】
W: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?
M: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall semester.
W: Do you want a day or evening course?
M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.
W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?
M: No.
W: Oh! Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming.
M: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it is not on Thursdays.
W: Well, there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7.
M: Just once a week?
W: Yes. But that’s almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.
M: Oh! Well, that’s alright. I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?
W: Mm, let me see. 12 weeks. You start the first week in September, and finish, oh, just before Christmas. December 21st.
M: And how much is the course?
W: That’s 300 dollars including the necessary computer time.
M: Ah-hum. Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?
W: Registration is on the second and third of September between 6 and 9 in Frost Hall.
M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?
W: Yes, that’s the one.
M: Oh, I know how to get there. Is there anything that I should bring with me?
W: No, just your checkbook.
M: Well, thank you very much.
W: You’re very welcome. Bye!
M: Bye!
19: Why does the man choose to take an evening course?
20: What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?
21: What do we learn about the schedule of the evening course?
22: What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation?
女士：你好。帕克森大学，有什么事需要帮忙吗?
男士：是的。我想咨询有关计算机程序设计课程的信息。我想在秋季学期上课。
女士：白天上课还是晚上上课?
男士：哦，因为我白天工作，我想晚上上课。
女士：嗯。你学过关于数据处理的课程吗?
男士：没有。
女士：哦! 好的，在学习计算机编程之前必须学习数据处理。
男士：哦，我明白了。数据处理什么时候上课? 我希望不是星期四。
女士：哦，有一个班在周一晚上7点。
男士：一周仅上一次?
女士：是的。从7点到9点45分，差不多3个小时。
男士：哦! 没关系，我可以做到。几个星期的课程?
女士：嗯，让我看看。12周。你从九月第一次周末开始，哦，圣诞节前夕12月21日结课。
男士：这门课程多少钱?
女士：300美元，包括必要的上机时间。
男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登记?
女士：在9月2号、3号6 点至 9点在弗罗斯特大厅登记。
男士：是停车场后面的圆形大楼吗?
女士：是的，就是那儿。
男士：哦，我知道怎么到那儿去。我必须要带什么东西吗?
女士：不用，只要带着支票簿即可。
男士：哦，太谢谢了。
女士：不用客气。再见!
男士：再见!
19：为什么男士选择晚间上课?
20：在上计算机程序设计课程之前必须要做什么?
21：我们能从晚间课程了解到什么信息?
22：在谈话最后男士想了解什么信息?
【词汇点拨】course n. 课程;computer programming 计算机编程;data processing 数据处理;parking lot 停车场;schedule n. 时间表
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) A training coach. A) 教练员。
B) A trading adviser. B) 商业顾问。
C) A professional manager. C) 职业经理。
D) A financial trader. D) 金融交易商。
【听音指导】本题为本长对话的第一题，出题点必在对话开始，由选项可知，本题涉及职业， 对于职业的考查也是前几年四级考试的重点。
【正确项分析】男士在文中明确提及trading in financial markets，根据同义推断原理，可推断该男士的职业是financial trader.
24. A) He can save on living expenses. A) 他可以节省生活费用。
B) He considers cooking creative. B) 他认为烹饪是具有创新性的。
C) He can enjoy healthier food. C) 他喜欢健康食物。
D) He thinks take-away is tasteless. D) 他觉得外带食品不好吃。
【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪有关。所以在听音过程中，如提及cooking或food，应多加注意，适时记录。
【正确项分析】 听音过程中听到此句I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下来的一句To do something my brain will regard as creative中，出现了关键词creative，选项B与之相符，故选择B选项。
25. A) It is something inevitable. A) 是某种不可避免的事情。
B) It is frustrating sometimes. B) 有时候令人沮丧。
C) It takes patience to manage. C) 它需要耐心来管理。
D) It can be a good thing. D) 它可能是件好事。
【听音指导】本题是细节加评论题，关键要弄清楚各选项中it所指代的内容。本文出现频率最多的词是stress，可大胆推测，此题考查的是对stress的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一题，答案应在听力对话的后两句。
【正确项分析】I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. 只要抓住此句中的一个关键词uncertainty，此题便可轻易而解，选项A正确。
【原文及译文】
W: So, why exactly does your job have a reputation for being stressful?
M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both.
W: How do you relax in the evening?
M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape the markets. I generally go to the gym or go for a run, especially if I’ve had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away. To do something my brain would regard as creative.
W: Do you think what you do for relaxation is an effective way to beat stress?
M: I don’t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. I generally find out what I do is effective for me.
W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?
M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing, and if used the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.
W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?
M: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. I enjoy a mental challenge. Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates short, medium and long term trading performance and success.
23: What is the man’s job?
24: Why does the man prefer to cook a meal rather than have a take-away?
25: What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?
女士：那么，到底为什么你的工作以紧张出名呢?
男士：当人们束手无策或感觉被控制时，就会有压力感。金融市场上的交易正是这两者的结合。
女士：你晚上如何放松?
男士：我很少做与工作有关的事情，所以很容易逃脱市场。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感觉某天很糟糕的时候，更是如此。我总是做饭，而不是叫外卖。做点儿有创意的事。
女士：你认为你放松自己的方法对消除压力有效吗?
男士：消除压力没有特定的法宝。总的来说，我发现我所做的一切对我来说都是有效的。
女士：你是否因压力大而考虑换工作呢?
男士：因为压力的因素我曾考虑过离开我的工作。但是，我认为压力是一件好事。如果运用得当，压力实际上是有益的。
女士：你喜欢工作中的哪些压力?
男士：说了这么多，我的确喜欢不确定因素。我喜欢挑战。交易会在瞬间产生一系列大范围的情绪波动。你如何处理及管理这些情绪支配着中短期及长期交易业绩和成功。
23：男士的工作是什么?
24：为什么男士喜欢做饭，而不是叫外卖?
25：关于工作中的压力感，男士说了什么?
【词汇点拨】reputation n. 名声，名气;combine v. 合并;financial a. 金融的;take-away 外带食品;positive a. 积极的，有益的;uncertainty n. 不确定性
Section B
Passage One
篇章结构
本次四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲，比2009年6月的更难。此篇文章属于天文类，讲的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例子，就是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。
词汇点拨
fascinated a. 着迷的;surface n. 表面;bacteria n 细菌;automatically ad. 自动地;probe n.探头，探针;evolution n. 进化
话题词汇
beneath prep. 在……之下
Jupiter n. 木星
moon n. 卫星，月球
nitrogen n. 氮
planet n. 行星，星球
volcanic activity 火山活动
难句解析
1. Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth.
【解析】since early times作时间状语，主句主语为people，谓语为be fascinated with，即“对……着迷”，着迷的对象是idea of life，existing somewhere else besides earth为现在分词作定语修饰名词life。
2. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat.
【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为make sb. do sth.，让某人做某事，that引出think的从句。从句的主语为Europa，giving off volcanic heat作定语修饰has的宾语a rocky core。
试题详解
26. A) There were no planets without moons. A) 除了卫星外没有行星。
B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. B) 在木星上没有空气或水。
C) Life was not possible in outer space. C) 在外空是没有生命的。
D)The mystery of life could not be resolved D) 生命的奥秘是不能解决的。
【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注no planets，no air or water还是no life。
【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经(once)相信什么事实?那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。
27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. A) 有很多活火山。
B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s. B) 有像地球上的大气层。
C) It has a large ocean under its surface. C) 在它的表面有一个大海洋。
D) It has deep caves several miles long. D) 有几英里长的深洞穴。
【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。
【正确项分析】问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。
28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. A) 光不是必备因素。
B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. B) 生命在很热的温度下能够形成。
C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. C) 每种生命的形成都需要进化。
D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. D) 氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。
【听音指导】根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分别为light，hot temperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。
【正确项分析】注意转折连词but前后，原文为Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方—比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。
原文及译文
Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One planet scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming.
26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?
27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?
28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?
从很早以前，人们一直迷恋着地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近来，科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。但是，现在他们开始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科学家们在恒星附近，例如太阳，发现了行星的踪迹。科学家们现在认为生命可能我们更近，就在太阳系内。科学家们正密切关注的地方是木卫二，木星的一个卫星。太空探测器提供了证据表明木卫二表层之下有一个海洋。探测器也让科学家们认为木卫二表层有散发出火山热的岩石核心。火山活动的水和热量是生命形成的两个基本条件。第三个是一些基本的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家们认为在木卫二海洋底部可能存在这样的化学成分。他们可能已经创造了生命或即将产生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要条件。直到最近，科学家们仍认为光是不可或缺的。但现在已经在地球上发现，海洋几英里之下的黑暗的洞穴内有细菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木卫二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性。
26. 根据短文，科学家曾相信什么?
27. 科学家们发现关于木卫二的什么信息?
28. 最近，科学家就生命的形成了解到什么?
Passage Two
篇章结构
本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。
词汇点拨
suffer v. 遭受;confusing a. 令人迷惑的;episode n. 插曲;version n. 版本;challenge v. 挑战
话题词汇
context n. 上下文
physician n. 内科医生
recover v. 恢复
stability n. 稳定性
act out 表演出来
emergency room 急诊室
oral communication 口头交际
tailored to 定制的
难句解析
1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.
【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listening to her，主语为a half a dozen other family members。正常语序为：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.
2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.
【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，had heard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动作。I have given just a few hours before做定语修饰the simple instructions，省略连接词that。
试题详解
29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A) 他们是否应该将孩子带回家。
B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. B) 玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。
C) Who should take care of the child at home. C) 谁在家照顾孩子。
D) When the child would completely recover. D) 什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。
【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。
【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。
30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A) 她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。
B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B) 她让他们记下她的医嘱。
C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C) 她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。
D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D) 她让他们复述要做的事。
【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是Doctor Myer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词ask question，write down，act out和repeat。
【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案，
31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A) 它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。
B) It contains many grammatical errors. B) 它包含许多语法错误。
C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C) 它十分依赖上下文语境。
D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D) 它有助于人际交往。
【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。
【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流 (human speech) 总结了什么。原文为human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，与选项A一致。
原文及译文
In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.
Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Mayer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.
29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?
30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
31. What does the speaker say about human speech?
乔安娜•玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医嘱到底是什么。“因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说，“他们所有的人都在短短几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索，而这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。
如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面文字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。
29. 孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么?
30. 为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么?
31. 说话者如何评述人类口语?
Passage Three
篇章结构
此篇讲的是商务工作中对员工的激励机制。主要内容为公司对员工的激励机制并非是人们通常以为的工资或者工作环境，而是工作中的挑战。
词汇点拨
challenging a. 挑战性的;logical a. 合理的;manually ad. 手动地;identify v. 认同;tedious a. 单调的，沉闷的
话题词汇
arbitrarily ad. 专横地
mechanical a. 机械的
robotics n. 机器人学
by definition 当然
job security 职业安全感
labor relations 劳资关系
难句解析
1. It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.
【解析】此句结构是由转折连词but引导的两个分句。前面一个分句中，it做形式主语，后面的不定式to suppose是真正主语。That引导宾语从句，介词like以及其引导内容做things的后置定语。后面一个分句中，one expert 与Frederick Herzberg为同位语，that后引导宾语从句。
2. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.
【解析】本句主句为there be 句型，常见的短语with the development of作时间状语，意为“随着……的发展”。jobs和people为表语，三个并列形容词boring， repetitive 和 mechanical一起修饰jobs，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词unskilled people
试题详解
32. A) Job security. A) 职业安全感。
B) Good labor relations. B) 愉快的劳资关系。
C) Challenging work. C) 挑战性的工作。
D) Attractive wages and benefits. D) 有吸引力的工资和利益。
【听音指导】预览选项中的关键词job security，labor relation，work，和wages and benefits可知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。
【正确项分析】此题问的是主题，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility，连接词in contrast附近出现了答案，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项C，即挑战性的工作。
【干扰项分析】原文首句虽谈及选项A、B、D各项内容，但是but转折后全盘否定but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers。故可全部排除。
33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. A) 许多单调工作继续由手工做。
B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs. B) 越来越多的非技术工人将失业。
C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. C) 电脑将改变很多工作性质。
D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. D) 无聊的工作将变得快乐。
【听音指导】从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—tedious，unskilled and lose job，computer和boring and enjoyable。
【正确项分析】此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.，连接词however后出现了答案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，对应到正确答案A选项中的tedious以及manually。
34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. A) 提供给他们晋升机会。
B) Improve their working conditions. B) 改善他们的工作条件。
C) Encourage them to compete with each other. C) 鼓励他们相互竞争。
D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team. D) 给他们责任，让他们成为团队一部分。
【听音指导】此题为一细节题。选项B与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时，注意选项中的promotion，compete和team。
【正确项分析】原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在for example前的总结句：Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team。but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。
35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. A) 他们将不能给员工带来真正利益。
B) They concern a small number of people only. B) 他们与少数人相关。
C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. C) 是管理人员随意制定的。
D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers. D) 他们超出了普通工人的控制。
【听音指导】首先意识到最后一题的答案应在文章结束前几句找，由各选项可知，所描述的对象并不是积极的，而是有负面影响的。
【正确项分析】为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people，意为团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关。答案为选项B。
原文及译文
It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.
32: What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?
33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?
35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
认为良好的劳资关系、愉悦的工作环境、较高的工资和福利待遇、工作安全性好能够激励员工，这是完全符合逻辑的。然而，专家弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格认为这些条件并不能激励员工，只是让员工得到满足的物质条件而已。相反，激励因素包括挑战性和趣味性的工作、认可和责任等。然而，即使随着计算机技术和机器人技术的发展，仍有大量无聊的、重复的和机械的工作，并且还必须有大量做这些工作的非技术人员。所以管理人员如何激励从事这种工作的人呢? 一种解决办法就是让他们承担责任，不是作为个人，而是作为团队。例如，有些超市把办公室人员、填货人和收银员编成一组，让他们决定进什么货、产品如何陈列等。现在很多人在谈论员工认同的公司的价值观和公司文化的重要性，如怎样成为最好的旅馆连锁，或在某一特定领域做最好的，用户最亲善的或者最可靠的产品。这样的价值观比那些只与少数人有关的财务目标更有可能激励员工。不幸的是，只有个别公司才会有这样的目标，当然，并不是所有的竞争公司在业界都能做成最好的。
32：根据弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格的观点，什么可以激励员工?
33：说话者就计算机时代的工作发表了什么观点?
34：一些超市为激励员工采取了什么措施?
35：为什么说财务目标不太可能激发员工?
Section C
原文重现
In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) classified into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process. Factual writing provides (37) background information on an author, composer or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) album cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a music (39) appreciation course. This kind of writing provides a (40) context for your study of the humanities.
As its name (41) implies, descriptive writing simply describes or provides an (42) image of, a piece of music, art or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) instruments a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures of sounds in the readers’ mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) Descriptive writing in humanity, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing.
Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) It tells the reader how to do something, for example, explaining the technique used to show a film. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46)Authors may actually use more than one type of techniques in the given piece of informational writing.
篇章结构
此次复合式听写的话题比较专业，介绍了三类写作题材，即事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。短文结构，先总后分。原文中充斥了许多长难词，致使考生预读时就一头雾水。尤其是全文的首句：In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. 关键是要正确理解humanities(人文学科)一词。
词汇点拨
humanities n. 人文学科;context n. 环境，语境，上下文;technique n. 技巧
话题词汇
composer n. 作曲家
book jacket 护封
instrument n. 乐器
background information 背景知识
music appreciation 音乐鉴赏
musical composition 乐曲
试题详解
36.【听音指导】根据空前后内容，可推测此空意为“归类成……”，轻易可以联想到常考词classified，构成be classified into结构。
37.【听音指导】事实性写作方式会提供什么样的信息，在预读时，很容易将其推测为形容词，但background是常见词，而background information作为背景知识，在日常生活中常常用到。
38.【听音指导】此空中的内容与book，long piece并列，可知此空填写的词为名词，且与book等为一类。album发音特殊，一般不会与其他词相混，应注意拼写。
39.【听音指导】由题意很容易判断此部分应为音乐鉴赏课，此空的难点在于appreciation (“鉴赏”)这个词的拼写。appreciate作动词，意为鉴赏，此空需要其名词形式。
40.【听音指导】为研究人文学科提供环境，其中context是高频词，几乎在每次考试中都能考到，此题不易失分。
41.【听音指导】此句话应理解为“正如名字所显示的那样”，立刻可以联系到show等词，而原文中的imply在以往四级考试中也反复出现。
42.【听音指导】描述性的写作能提供什么?立刻就想到形象、印象。image这个词很容易填出。
43.【听音指导】作曲家所用的音乐器具，自然为musical instrument。然而此空需要注意的是它的复数形式。
44.【听音指导】此段讲述的是descriptive writing，此句位于本段的最后一句，应为总结性话语。答案为Descriptive writing in the humanities, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing。particularly可替换为especially，be mixed with意为“与……混合”。也可写为Descriptive writing is mixed with critical writing，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能规避如particularly这样的长难词。采分点为descriptive writing和critical writing。
45.【听音指导】此段讲述的是processing writing，按照惯例此句为对其的总结性解释。shoot a film，意为拍电影。采分点为how to do something和 technique。
46.【听音指导】整篇文章为总分式，先总述了三种写作题材，然后分别讲述每种写作题材的适用范围。此空独立成句，很可能论述三部分适用范围的交集。采分点为more than one type of technique is used in writing。
全文精译
在人文学科中，作者可以通过多种写作方式告知读者信息。这些方法可分为三类信息写作题材：事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。事实性写作提供了一位作家、作曲家或艺术家或者是一种音乐、文学或艺术的背景信息。事实性写作包括封面上的说明和专辑封面，较长的作品如音乐鉴赏课中可能读到的描述一种音乐风格的文章。这种写作题材为人文学科研究提供了依据。
正如它的名字所暗示的，描写性写作指简单的描述或为一段音乐、一种艺术和文学树立一种形象。例如，描写性写作可能介绍一位艺术家在画中用过的色彩，或一位乐器作曲家在音乐作品中所用的乐器。通过具体描述，在读者的脑海里留下声音的图画。人文学科中的描写性写作，特别在文学中，经常与评论式写作共同使用。
解说性写作是解释会带来某种结果的一系列的行动。它告诉读者如何做某事，例如，拍电影的技术。这种写作往往用于艺术中，因为理解艺术家如何创造了一种特定效果是很重要的。在一篇指定的信息写作中，作者可以运用多种写作技巧。
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