【翻译原文】
中国正规教育体系的历史可以追溯到商朝(the ShangDynasty)在古代，中国教育的唯一目的就是培养朝廷官员。新中国成立后，中国政府十分重视发展教育事业。国家制定了多种法律，从不同角度保障每个人都有接受同质同级教育的权利。经过几十年的努力，中国教育取得了巨大的成就。从20世纪80年代初起，中国开始在国家教育制度中强调科学技术。
1.第1句中的“……的历史可以追溯到……”可译为the history of…can be traced back to…，但省略“历史”不体而表达为sth. can be traced back to则更简洁。
2.第2句中的“培养朝廷官员”可用不定式短语to produce government officials表达，作该句系动词was的表语。
3.第4句由两个分句组成，第1个分句的主语是“国家”，第2个分句的逻辑主语是“多种法律”（这也是第一个 分句的宾语），为了叙述角度的统一，此处用“多种法律”作句子的主语会更合适，但要注意用被动语态，译作 A variety of laws have been developed…。 “从不同角度”可处理为插人语，译为from different angles. “保障每个人都有……的权利”可套用结构ensure sb. the right(s) to do sth.。
4.在倒数第2句中，“中国教育取得了巨大的成就”可直译为Chineseeducation has got great achievements，但这不是地道的英文表达，此处可转换主语为“中国”，译作China sees great achievements in its education.这里see取“经历，以……为特点”之义，译文表达更生动形象。
【参考译文】
China's formal education system can be traced backto the Shang Dynasty. In ancient times, the onlypurpose of Chinese education was to producegovernment officials. After the founding of NewChina, Chinese government attached greatimportance to the development of education. Avariety of laws have been developed to ensure everybody, from different angles, the right toreceive the same quality and level of education. After a few decades of efforts, China sees greatachievements in its education. From the early 1980s, China began to stress science andtechnology in the country's educational system.
