31. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that        .
A. both allergies and asthma are totally genetic
B. most bacteria are good for the immune system
C. .it’s easy for people to develop asthma and allergies
D. surroundings can influence the immune system greatly
D
Definitions of adult learning vary, but for the purpose of the Commission’s 2001 Communication it is defined as all forms of learning undertaken by adults after having left initial education and training, however far this process may have gone.
Education and training are important factors for achieving the strategy objectives of raising economic growth, competitiveness and social inclusion. However, with some exceptions,implementation remains weak Most education and training systems are still largely focused on the education and training of young people and limited progress has been made in changing systems to mirror the need for learning throughout the lifespan.An additional 4 million adults would need to participate in lifelong learning. Recent research confirms the importance of investing in adult learning. Research on older adults indicates that those who engage in learning are healthier, with a consequent reduction in healthcare costs.
Europe’s key economic challenge is to raise its growth and employment performance while preserving social cohesion (凝聚力). Rapid progress in other regions of the world shows the importance of creative，advanced and quality education and training as a key factor of economic competitiveness. General levels of competence must increase, both to meet the needs of the la- hour market and to allow citizens to function well in today’s society.
Europe is facing big demographic changes that will have a major impact on society and on the economy and consequently on education and training provision and needs. The European population is ageing: over the next 30 years the number of younger Europeans (up to 24 years) will fall by 15%. One in three Europeans will be over 60 years old, and about one in ten will be over 80.
Raising the overall level of skills of the adult population by offering more and better learning opportunities throughout adult life is important for both efficiency and equity reasons given the challenges identified above. Not only does adult learning help make adults morn efficient workers and, better-informed and more active citizens, it also contributes to their personal well-being.
32. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Lifelong learning has not yet been given adequate attention.
B. Young people should be better trained and educated for their future.
C. Young people ought to help their parents carry out lifelong learning.
D. More and more adults have found the importance of investing in adult learning.
33. What should we do if we want to do well in modem society according to the text?
A. Get more knowledge from others.
B. Improve general levels of our abilities.
C. Take part in lifelong learning in a famous educational unit.
D. Understand and use advanced information in our everyday activities.
34. The underlined part “demographic changes” in Paragraph 4 refers to “       ”.
A. changes in job market     B. changes in social system
C. changes in population     D. changes in education
35. What would be the best title of the text?
A. Adult learning: It is never too late to learn
B. Progress has been made in lifelong learning
C. The challenges to be faced with in lifelong learning
D. The importance of investment in the ageing population
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的极佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Unhealthy health goals are not uncommon. They often involve focusing too much on the outcome and not enough on the process of getting healthy. To avoid unhealthy health goals, you should focus more on the process of getting healthy. 36 This way you’ll gradually move towards your overall health goals.
Aim for moderation rather than perfection. If you try to be perfect in your new diet and eating habits, you may end up being so hard on yourself that you give up on the diet entirely. 37
Check whether your diet is negatively influencing your social life. 38 If your new diet is stopping you from attending social events with friends and family, perhaps you should change your dietary goals so that you can still have a social life.
Consider whether you are routinely cancelling social events to exercise. Cancelling a lot of social events with friends and family to get to the gym may be a sign of unhealthy exercise goals. 39 Make sure you aren’t sacrificing a healthy social life to get to the gym, since you need both social ties and an active lifestyle to be healthy.
40 You should not aim to exercise so you can eat more chips or other junk food. An exercise plan built around making up for poor eating habits will not make you healthier. You should focus on a well-rounded, healthy diet and a regular exercise routine.
A. Focus more on your bad eating habits and less on a strict diet.
B. These efforts usually lead to weight gain if you do not continue them.
C. Instead, focus on small improvements in your diet and try to stick to them.
D. Direct your attention to small changes in your eating and fitness behavior.
E. Reflect on whether you view exercise as a form of compensation for poor.
F. You may want to re-consider your new diet if it is stopping you living your favorite kind of life.
G. The strength of social connections with friends and family is an important factor in your health.
第三部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节  完形填空(共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On a cold night in January of 1935, New York City mayor, Fiorello LaGuardia turned up at a night court. He 41 the judge for the evening and took over the bench himself. Within a few minutes, a 42 old woman charged with stealing a loaf of bread was brought before him. She 43 to the mayor that she was indeed guilty of the crime, 44 she added, “My daughter’s husband 45 her; she is sick now and my two grandchildren are 46 .”
However, the shopkeeper, from whom the bread was stolen, refused to drop the 47, “It’s a bad neighborhood，your honor; she’s guilty,” he shouted 48 . “The law must be 49. She has got to be punished to teach other people around here a(n) 50 .”
LaGuardia sighed He turned to the woman and said, “In the name of 51, I’ve got to punish you. The 52 makes no exceptions. I can do nothing but sentence you to a fine of ten dollars.” But as he 53 the sentence, the mayor was 54 his pocket. He pulled cut a bill and threw it into his hat，saying, “Here is the ten-dollar fine, which I now remit (缴纳); and 55 , I am going to fine everyone in this 56 fifty cents for living in a town where a person has to steal bread 57 her grandchildren can eat.”
58 in the courtroom that night were about 70 criminals, a few New York policemen, and the storekeeper. The poor old grandmother, both 59 and thankful, left the court-room with $47.50, fifty cents of which was 60 by the storekeeper himself. That was enough money to buy groceries for several months.
41. A. criticized    B. rescued    C. dismissed   D. blamed
42. A. poorly-dressed   B. cold-hearted   C. brave    D. proud
43. A. lied     B. shouted    C. showed   D. admitted
44. A. but     B. so     C. for    D. or
45. A. found     B. deserted    C. saved    D. excused
46. A. growing    B. studying    C. starving   D. troubling
47. A. chance     B. charge    C. shop    D. court
48. A. embarrassedly   B. carefully    C. helplessly   D. confidently
49. A. supported    B. made     C. ignored   D. discussed
50. A. friendship    B. agreement    C. lesson   D. story
51. A. freedom    B. reform    C. protection   D. justice
52. A. history     B. customer    C. law    D. mayor
53. A. recited     B. pronounced   C. imagined   D. outlined
54. A. reaching into   B. picking up    C. taking off   D. hunting for
55. A. what’s more   B. as a result    C. if so    D. to be honest
56. A. row     B. zone     C. city    D. courtroom
57. A. so that     B. unless    C. even if   D. after
58. A. Watching    B. Interviewing   C. Sitting   D. Working
59. A. discouraged    B. puzzled    C. interested   D. bored
60. A. collected    B. contributed   C. raised   D. lent
第II卷
第三部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
High in thick bamboo forests in the misty, 61 (rain) mountains of southwestern China 62 (live) one of the world’s rarest mammals: the giant panda, also called the panda, Only about 1，000 of these black-and-white 63 (relative) of bears survive in the wild.
Pandas eat almost nothing 64 bamboo shoots and leaves. 65 (Occasion) they eat other plants, fish, or small animals, but bamboo accounts 66 99 percent of their diets.
Pandas eat fast; they eat a lot, and they spend about 12 hours a day 67 (do) it. The reason is that they digest only about a 68 (five) of what they eat. Overall, bamboo is not very nutritious. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lot—up to 15 percent of their body weight in 12 hours—so they eat fast.
Pandas’ molars (臼齿) are very broad and flat. The shape of these teeth helps the animals crush the bamboo shoots, leaves, and stems they eat 69 (get) the bamboo to their mouths, they hold the stems with their front claws, which have enlarged wrist bones that act as thumbs for grasping things. A panda should have at least two bamboo species where it lives, or it will starve. Pandas are shy; they don’t go into areas 70 people live. This restricts pandas to very limited areas.

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