D] all the steps are finished
50. The best title for this passage would be _________.
[A] The Beauty of a Book [B] Art and the Printed World
[ C ] Who Deserves the Name of Artist [D] The Steps in Producing A Book
Text 2
In November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure. The authorities promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists were certain that it would occur again within five years at the latest. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which produced varying degrees of chaos throughout the city of eight million people. In 1965, the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of comparative prosperity. In 1997, the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves.
In 1965, there was little crime or looting during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry, clothes or television sets. Nearly 4, 000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them and included armed men.
Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day. The black-out started at 9:30 p.m., when lightning hit and knocked out vital cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise.
The vast majority of New Yorkers, however, were not involved in looting. They helped strangers , distributed candles and batteries, and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights , refrigerators, elevators, water and electrical power. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.
51. Look at the first paragraph, who were right? The authorities or the pessimists?
[A] The authorities. [B] The pessimists.
[C] Both. [D] Neither.
52. In what way was the blackout of 1977 not really a repeat performance?
[A] There was much more disorder. [B] This time the electricity supply failed.
[C] It was quite unexpected. [D] It did not occur within five years of 1965.
53. As far as maintaining the peace was concerned, conditions in 1977 were comparatively _________.
[ A ] more favourable [B] less favourable
[ C ] unchanged [ D ] improved
54. What caused the blackout in July 1977?
[A] Excessive heat probably made people switch on too many electrical appliances.
[ B ] Because of unemployment, some machines were not in proper working order.
[C] During a storm, lightning damaged supply cables,
[D] The passage does not mention the cause.
55. Why did many looters manage to escape?
[A] The police could not see them in the dark.
[ B] Many of the looters were armed with guns.
[ C ] There were not enough policemen to catch them all.
[D] They were hidden inside big buildings.
Text 3
" Culture consists of all shared products of human society" ( Robertson, 1981). This means not only such material things as cities, organizations and schools, but also non-material things such as ideas, customs, family patterns, languages. Putting it simply, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society, "the ways of a people".
Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, the maintaining of culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture, it reflects culture. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds, as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.
We should not go further into the relationship between language and culture. What needs to be stressed here is that the two interact, and that understanding of one requires understanding of the ot
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