he retraining needed to use them will have to be repeated as the technology
keeps improving. Says a chilling report by the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment:
"Lifelong retraining is expected to become the standard for many people. "There is a already
considerable evidence that the school children now being educated in the use of computers are
generally the children of the white middle class. Young blacks, whose unemployment rate stands
today at 50 96, will find another barrier in front of them.
Such social problems are not the fault of the computer, of course, but a consequence of the
way the American society might use the computer. "Even in the days of the Big, main- frame
computers, when they were a machine for the few." says Katherine Davis Fishman, author of
The Computer Establishment, "it was a tool to help the rich get richer. It still is to a large ex-
tent. One of the great values of the personal computer is that smaller firms, smaller organizations
can now have some of the advantages of the bigger organizations."
26. The closest restatement of "one industry may kill another industry" ( Para. I Lind 11) is
that
A) industries tend to compete with one another
B) one industry might be driven out of business by another industry
C) one industry may increase its staff at the expense of another
D) industries tend to combine into bigger ones
27. The word "chilling" (Para. 2, Line 5) most probably means
A) misleading B) convincing C) discouraging D) interesting
28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A) Computers are efficient in retraining unempleyed workers.
B) Computers may offer more working opportunities than they destroy.
C) Computers will increase the unemployment rate of young blacks.
D) Computers can help smaller organizations to function more effectively.
29. From the passage it can be inferred that
A) all school children are offered a course in the use of computers
B) all unemployed workers are being retrained
C) retraining programmes are considered very important by the government
D) in reality only a certain portion of unemployed'workers will be retrained
30. The major problem discussed in the passage is
A) the importance of lifelong retraining of the unemployed workers
B) the social consequences of the widespread use of computers in the United States
C) the barrier to the employment of young people
D) the general rule of the advancement of technology
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships.
Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing.
Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space,
movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility.
A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water
transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger
service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its
emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members
or the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed
from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conventionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family
to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from
those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of
thinking with in a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are
spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly be-
cause of different work schedules.
One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of
sons, and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents.
Another index o
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