{A) the more diligent one is, the bigger his returns}
B) laborious work ensures the growth of an industry
C) a man‘s business should be developed step by step
D) a company‘s success depends on its employees’ hard work
28. The characters described in Horatio Alger‘s novels are people who _______.
A) succeeded in real estate investment
B) earned enormous fortunes by chance
{C) became wealthy after starting life very poor }
D) became famous despite their modest origins
29. It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that _________.
A) business success often contributes to a successful marriage
{B) Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of life}
C) good personal relationships lead to business success
D) successful business people provide good care for their children
30. What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?
A) The American road to success is full of nightmares.
B) Status symbols are not a real indicator of a person‘s wealth.
C) The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.
{D) What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs. }
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Public distrust of scientists stems in part from the blurring of boundaries between science and technology, between discovery and manufacture. Most governments, perhaps all governments, justify public expenditure on scientific research in terms of the economic benefits the scientific enterprise has brought in the past and will bring in the future. Politicians remind their voters of the splendid machines ‘our scientists’ have invented, the new drugs to relieve old ailments(病痛), and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previously intractable(难治疗的) conditions may now be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research to ‘economic needs’, that they award a higher priority to research proposals that are ‘near the market’ and can be translated into the greatest return on investment in the shortest time. Dependent, as they are, on politicians for much of their funding, scientists have little choice but to comply. Like the rest of us, they are members of a society that rates the creation of wealth as the greatest possible good. Many have reservations, but keep them to themselves in what they perceive as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquiring, creative spirit.
In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of conflicts of interest. When we learn that the distinguished professor assuring us of the safety of a particular product holds a consultancy with the company making it, we cannot be blamed for wondering whether his fee might conceivably cloud his professional judgment. Even if the professor holds no consultancy with any firm, some people many still distrust him because of his association with those who do, or at least wonder about the source of some of his research funding.
This attitude can have damaging effects. It questions the integrity of individuals working in a profession that prizes intellectual honesty as the supreme virtue, and plays into the hands of those who would like to discredit scientists by representing them as venal(可以收买的). This makes it easier to dismiss all scientific pronouncements, but especially those made by the scientists who present themselves as ‘experts’. The scientist most likely to understand the safety of a nuclear reactor, for example, is a nuclear engineer, and a nuclear engineer is most likely to be employed by the nuclear industry. If a nuclear engineer declares that a reactor is unsafe, we believe him, because clearly it is not to his advantage to lie about it. If he tells us it is safe, on the other hand, we distrust him, because he may well be protecting the employer who pays his salary.
31. What is the chief concern of most governments when it comes to scientific research?
A) Support from the votes.
{B) The reduction of public expenditure.}
C) Quick economic returns.
D) The budget for a research project.
32. Scientist have to adapt their research to ‘economic needs’ in order to _________ .
A) impress the public with their achievements
{B) pursue knowledge for knowledge‘s sake }
C) obtain funding from the government
D) translate knowledge into wealth
33. Why won‘t scientists complain about the government’s policy concerning scientific research?
{A) They think they work in an environment hostile to the free pursuit of knowledge. }
B) They are accustomed to keeping their opinions to themselves.
C)
上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] ... 下一页 >>
