Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) The sleep a person needs varies from day to day.
B) The amount of sleep for each person is similar.
C) One can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.
D) Everybody needs some sleep for survival.
Question: 19. What is taken for granted by most people?
解析：The thought of having no sleep for 24 hours or more isn't a pleasant one for most people.
答案： D Everybody needs some sleep for survival.
20. A) It is a made-up story. C) It is a rare exception.
B) It is beyond cure. D) It is due to an accident.
Question: 20. What do doctors think of Al Herpin's case?
解析：But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a real exception, for supposedly, he never slept!
答案：C It is a rare exception
21. A) His extraordinary physical condition.
B) His mother’s injury just before his birth.
C) The unique surroundings of his living place.
D) The rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.
Question: 21. What could have accounted for Al Herpin's sleeplessness?
解析：Herpin offered the only clue to his condition. He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he had been born.
答案：B His mother's injury just before his birth.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.
B) She learned to write for financial newspapers.
C) She developed a strong interest in finance.
D) She tenderly looked after her sick mother.
Question: 22. What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?
解析：Hetty Green was a very spoiled, only child. She was born in Massachusetts USA in 1835. Her father was a millionaire businessman. Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account.
答案：C She developed a strong interest in finance
23. A) She made a wise investment in real estate.
B) She sold the restaurant with a substantial profit.
C) She got 1.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.
D) She inherited a big fortune from her father.
Question: 23. How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?
解析：Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars.
答案：D She inherited a big fortune from her father
24. A) She was extremely mean with her money.
B) She was dishonest in business dealings.
C) She frequently ill-treated her employees.
D) She abused animals including her pet dog.
Question: 24. Why was Hetty Green much hated?
解析：Hetty’s meanness was well-known. She always argued about prices in shops. She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much loved dog. Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it. She never bought clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt.
答案：A She was extremely mean with her money
25. A) She made a big fortune from wise investment.
B) She built a hospital with her mother’s money.
C) She made huge donations to charities.
D) She carried on her family’s tradition.
Question: 25. What do we learn about Hetty's daughter?
解析：When she died in 1916 she left her children 100 million dollars. Her daughter built a hospital with her money.
答案：B She built a hospital with her mother's money
Section C
Direction: In the section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Among the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are ___(26)___ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. For example, a Colombian who wants someone to ___(27)___ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly ___(28)___ .Speakers or English have a similar gesture through the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the ___(29)___ of the Colombian gesture. Again, in Colombian, a speaker of English would have to know that when he ___(30)___height he most choose between different gestures depending on whether he is ___(31)___ a human being or an animal. If he keeps the palm of the hand ___(32)___the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter, in Colombia this gesture is___(33)___for the description of animals. In order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand ___(34)___to the floor. Substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also___(35)___ moment. In both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs sharply.
答案：
26. identical
27. approach
28. back and forth
29. opposite
30. indicates
31. referring to
32. parallel to
33. reserved
34. at the right angle
35. embarrassing
36. I) melted
本空是谓语，需要动词，且空前并列成分谓语用的是过去式ended，因此需要过去式。备选的有melted(融化)和resolved(决心)，能与空前ice构成合理意思、且与空后away构成搭配的只有melted，表示“冰川融化”。
37. G) line
本空空前是介词，因此需要名词性成分，且要考虑与空后的with构成搭配。符合要求的只有line(in line with，与……一致)。意思是我们已经接近“与其他最小冰川期时一致的温度”。
38. C) contributing
前句用完成时表示已经达到的状态，本句we are描述的则是正在发生的过程，需要动词的ing形式，且要考虑与空后的介词to构成搭配。备选的有appealing to(呼吁、上诉)、contributing to(促成、导致)，ranging后不直接与介词to构成搭配。意思合理的只有contributing，为“我们正促成世界范围内气温的升高”。
39. K) ranging
本空引领的是temperature的后置定语，需要动词分词。备选的有appealing(呼吁、上诉)、ranging(范围在……)和resolved(决心)。空后的between 1℃ and 6 ℃明显是范围区间，因此ranging合乎语义。range between/from A and B为常用搭配。
40. D) dramatic
本空作为表语，且空前有more，提示了本空需要形容词。备选的有appealing(有吸引力的)、dramatic(戏剧性的、突发的)和sensible(明智的)。这里描述的是气候变化的效果，因此dramatic意思更合适，意为“某些地方的气候变化会更加戏剧化”。后半句提到的有些地方可能cool off(变冷)也是暗示气候变化的突发及剧烈。
41. F) impact
空前的the暗示本空需要名词。备选的有average(平均)、impact(影响)和shock(震惊)。impact和shock都能用于与warming构成搭配，但后面提到的different depending on where you are提示了本空应当是一个较为宽泛的概念，故impact更合适，意为“气候变暖的影响因所在地不同而不同”。
42. A) appealing
空前的and提示了本空与and前的habitable(宜居的)同词性且义相近。因此本空需要形容词，备选的有appealing(有吸引力的)和sensible(明智的)。意思上与habitable更能并列、描述本句所说的Siberia and northern Canada的影视appealing，表示“西伯利亚和加拿大北部可能会变得更宜居、更吸引人”。
43. B) average
空前介词on提示了本空需要名词性成分与之构成搭配。备选的有average(平均)和shock(震惊)。这里意思更合理的是average，且on average是固定搭配“平均地”。
44. H) maintain
本空需要谓语，且前句所用为一般现在时，考虑到本句主语为复数scientists，因此本空需要动词原形。备选的有maintain(维持、坚称)、persist(坚持)和shock(震惊)。但persist为不及物动词，而本空后有宾语从句;shock意思不合适是且一般后面接人。因此只能选maintain。意为“有些科学家坚称……”。
45. L) recently
本空所在句不缺其它成分，本空需要副词。备选的又frequently(频繁地)和recently(最近)。空前提到科学家认为气候变化无规律，有些年冷、有些年热(some years are cold, others warm)。本空所在的we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years应当是顺着科学家的观点而来，解释我们现在所处的正好是偏热的年份期。因此本空用recently强调当下更佳。若选frequently表示“我们频繁处在偏热的年份”，则与科学家所持的气温冷热无规律交替的观点不相符合。
46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.
答案：C
解析：对应C段末句。printed versions(纸质版本)对应hard copy(印刷版本)，be considered important ones(被认为重要)对应become the mark…to reckon(认为是标志)。
47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.
答案：N
解析：对应N段第三句提到的tactile pleasure in books(书本的触觉上的愉悦)。
48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.
答案：J
解析：对应J段最后两句。changed greatly(巨大改变)对应a very different business(相当不同的行业)，attracts more listeners(吸引更多听众)对应enlarged their audience(扩大受众面)。
49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.
答案：H
解析：对应H段第二句。many people’s prediction对应widely predicted。
50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.
答案：A
解析：这是对A段所描述的电子书在近几年内大幅增长的现象的概括。
51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.
答案：L
解析：对应L段第三句。continues to exist(继续存在)对应remain(保持)，reliability(可靠)对应backup(支持、后盾)。
52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.
答案：B
解析：对应B段第三句。make changes(做出改变)对应go through a transformation(经历转变)，not seen for centuries是对该句后部分时间表达的概括。
53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.
答案：F
解析：对应F段第一句。a clear advantage(明显优势)岁对better, cheaper or both的概括。take the place of(代替)对应replace(代替)。
54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.
答案：C
解析：完全对应C段第二句。
55. A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.
答案：M
解析：对应M段第三句。has a stronger appeal to buyers(对购买者有很强吸引力)对应a powerful selling point(强劲卖点)。
Passage One
56. What does the latest congressional report suggest?
A) STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B) The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
C) The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
D) Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
解析：56.B
本题属于观点型细节题，问最近的一次国会报告提出了什么建议。根据题干定位词latest congressional report 定位到文章第二段第一句。Acknowledge意为“承认”，引出观点。前半句非常简单，“最近的一次国会报告承认了技术训练的关键性”，后半句以but进行语义转折，意为“但是他们也认为关于人文学科和社会科学的研究都必须在任何等级的美国教育系统中作为核心部分”。之后的both areas are critical to…都是在描述这两门学科对塑造人才的积极影响，可以略读。
再来看四个选项。
A. STEM在第一段有解释，分别由science, technology, engineering和maths的首字母组成，意为“科学”，“技术”，“工程学”和“数学”。所以A选项的意思是“与STEM相关的学科可以帮助学生在信息社会找到工作”。文章对于STEM的影响的描述只出现在第二段的最后一句话，但没有提及能帮助找工作，属于无中生有，排除。
B. 意思是“人文学科和STEM应该被给与相同的重要性”。通过第二段第一句话but后面的内容可以确定B为正选。选项唯一的难点是STEM在文中是以social science进行同义替换的方式出现的。Should be given equal importance和原文的must remain central components of …对应。
C. “高等教育的文科能帮助学生丰富精神世界”。C选项的干扰性同样来自于第二段的最后一句，但需要注意的是原文所说的spiritual enrichment是由reflection on the great ideas of mankind提供而非选项所指的liberal arts. 故C排除。
D. “高等教育应该适用于社会的实际需求”。这个选项属于无中生有，比较容易排除。
57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
A) Their interest in relevant subjects.
B) The academic value of the courses.
C) The quality of education to receive.
D) Their chances of getting a good job.
解析：57.D
题目问学生选择专业时主要关心什么。结合顺序原则可以大致定位到第三段，本段前两句话讲述了家长和学生们在为高等教育做出巨大投资之后所以担心的问题就是市场的变化可能会导致孩子们将来就业机会变少以及工资降低。并且根据这个大背景提出了一个公认的解决的办法，也就是由题干中的major定位到的本段第三句，“Major in a subject designed to get you a job”seems the obvious answer to some,… 意思是“选择一个为给你找到工作而设计的专业是大部分人认可大答案”。
A.“对相关专业的兴趣。”
B.“课程的学术价值。”
C.“接受的教育的质量。”
D.“找到工作的机会。”原文的同义改写，锁定D答案。
58. What does the author say about the so called soft subjects?
A) The benefit students in their future life.
B) They broaden students’ range of interests.
C) They improve students’ communication skills.
D) They are essential to students’ healthy growth.
解析：58.A
问作者如何评价所谓的“软”学科。本题答案依然出自于第三段，57题定位句的后半句，即though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.本句的disciplines与subjects都是“学科”的意思，所以这句话可以翻译成“尽管他们忽略一个事实，那就是人文学科中那些被描述成“软”学科的，通常能够能够促成将来的就业和成功”。
A.“他们会在将来的生活使学生受益。”benefit与原文的lead to employment and success对应，in their future与原文的in the long run对应。A为正选。
B.“他们能扩大学生的兴趣。”
C.“他们能提高学生的交流能力。”
D.“他们对于学生的健康成长至关重要。”BCD均为无中生有，直接排除。
59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?
A) Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.
B) Those who are good at solving practical problems.
C) Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.
D) Those who have received a well-rounded education.
解析：59.D
问老板想找什么类型的应聘者。答案出自第三段最后一句话，employers have expressed a preference for students who received a broadly-based education that has taught them how to write well, think carefully, research creatively, and communicate easily. 这句话非常直白地告诉我们老板所偏爱的员工是接受过broadly-based education的人，即“全方位教育”，所以与这句话有相同描述的选项即为正选。
A.“那些有强烈责任感的人。”
B.“那些能够解决实际问题的人。”
C.“那些有可能成为有创新力的领导的人。”
D.“那些接受过全方位教育的人。”well-rounded是broadly-based的同义改写，所以D为正选。
60. What advice does the author give to college students?
A) Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
B) Try to take a variety of practical courses.
C) Prepare themselves for different job options.
D) Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.
解析：60.D
问作者给大学生提了什么建议。全文只有四段话，前三段都已经用于解决之前的四道题，所以最后一题自然而然地定位到最后一段。并且由第一句里的students should…可以看出这段话主要是在讨论相关的建议。由于没有具体的定位词可以参考，所以一般情况下咱们需要快速读完整段话再一一对应选项看有没有符合的内容。
A.“寻找机会开发自己的潜力。”
B.“试着参加各种实际课程。”
C.“为不同的工作选择做好准备。”
D.“采取灵活的方法来解决问题。”
本题选择D。答案出自于本段的最后两句话。意思是“能在这种环境下做到最好的一定是那些已经让自己做好随时变通的准备的人。”以及最后作者还评价“能够利用任何可用的工具——不管是来自己于哪个学科，去解决问题，并且利用机会表现自己”的能力会产生很大的帮助。D选项就是对原文的归纳和总结，ABC属于无中生有的干扰项。
Passage Two
61. What does the author say about energy independence for America?
A) It sounds very attractive.
B) It ensures national security.
C) It will bring oil prices down.
D) It has long been everyone’s dream.
解析：61、A 此题并非主旨题，按顺序原则及题干信息定位首段。 “If you think so, you’re not alone”表明作者持有同样想法，答案往“so”前面找——“Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it, doesn’t it?” have a nice ring to sth.表示“听起来不错，令人向往”的意思，选项A的attractive是其同义改写。即使不了解短语，根据nice可判断正态度，答案选A。
62. What does the author think of biofuels?
A) They keep America’s economy running healthily.
B) They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.
C) They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.
D) They cause serious damage to the environment.
解析：62、D 由题干信息biofuels定位在第四段落。定位句本身出现but强调：“but most biofuels are a Faustian bargain, causing economic waste and environmental destruction. ”but后面的强调才是作者对于biofuels的真正想法——causing economic waste and environmental destruction。选项中AB选项均为正态度，与原文不符直接排除。原文中C选项为干扰选项，“可持续的能源供给”，文章未提及。
63. Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?
A) It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.
B) Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.
C) It wants to keep its own environment intact.
D) Its own oil production falls short of demand.
解析：63 、C 按照阅读出题的“顺序原则”直接看到下一段(第五段)。首句“Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. ”美国人不愿意自己产油，是63题题干信息当中“…America rely on heavily on oil imports”的同义改写。根据“金三句原则”定位到定位句的下一句“the American people…decided that they value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. ” 相比从国外进口石油，美国人更看重环境质量，由此判断，答案选C——“keep environment intact”。
64. What does the author say about oil trade?
A) It proves profitable to both sides. C) It makes for economic prosperity.
B) It improves economic efficiency. D) It saves the cost of oil exploration.
解析：64、A 根据定位词oil trade以及顺序原则定位到文章最后一段。根据文章主旨和前文内容，或者是根据定位段信息可知“United States imports a great of energy”，让能源输出国有利可图，而同时“At the same time”，美国本身也有自身利益——“we derive massive economic benefits…when we engage in energy trade around the world.”，答案选A——“It proves profitable to both sides”。
65. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A) To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.
B) To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.
C) To stress the importance of energy conservation.
D) To explain the increase of international oil trade.
解析：65、A 问作者写作意图，即问全文主旨。根据各段首句以及串联五个题干信息可得知，文章主要讨论“America”的“energy independence”，就可以直接排除BCD选项了。为做题保险，还要进一步确认。由文章末端的结尾“At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits…when we engage in energy trade around the world.” 可得知作者态度还是站在“oil imports”这一边的，因为可以得到“massive economic benefits”，所以作者还是在为“oil imports”而申辩的。答案选A。
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
翻译题目一：为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和中强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
<考点解析>
本次四级翻译要求我们总共翻译5句话，重点考查了下面这些知识点。
① 为了促进…in order to promote…
这里的“为了”除了用in order to是常想到的表达之外，for/for the purpose of。.均可灵活替换。此外，“促进”除了可以用promote,还可以用其它的同义词替换，比如further/boost等。
② 360亿元：36 billion
注意：数字的表达。如果写成360 billion or 36 billions都是错误的!
③ 改善教育设施和加强农村义务教育
improve educational facilities and strengthen rural compulsory education
⑤ 资金用于…funds are used to…
这里要注意“用于”暗含了被动的含义。要清楚be used to do sth和be used to doing sth 以及used to do sth。的区别。
⑥ 使16万多所中小学受益
….benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools。
这里可以用现在分词作伴随状语，还可以用 to make ….beneficial来表达。
⑦ 为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生
students who has transferred to city schools to receive a better education
“为接受更好教育而转往城市上学”这个比较长的定语，可以处理成定语从句，同时还可以用分词短语作后置定语来表达，即students transferred to city schools to receive a better education。
【翻译译文】：In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education Midwest. These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities, purchase of books, so that more than 160,000 primary and secondary income. Funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipment. Now children in rural and mountainous areas with children’s coastal cities like music and painting lessons. Some receive a better education for the city school students now transferred back to the local rural schools.
翻译题目二：中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%，该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才能又谨慎的恢复。随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降低到最低限度。换句话说核能是可以安全开发和利用的。
词汇考点：
核能：nuclear power
(中国)总发电量;the total amount of electricity produced in China
占(比例)：take up
居(位)rank No.. among..
核电站：nuclear power station
审批权：the examination and approval authority
谨慎地：with caution
恢复：resume
安全措施：safety measures
语法考点： 被动语态
【翻译译文】
China should further develop nuclear energy because nuclear power accounts for only 2% of its total generating capacity currently. Such proportion ranks the thirtieth in all the countries possessing nuclear power, which is almost the last.
After Japan’s nuclear power accident in March 2011, nuclear power development in China was suspended, so was the approval of new nuclear power plants. Also, the national safety check for the nuclear power was carried out. IT was not until October 2012 that the approval was prudently resumed.
With the improvement of technology and safety measures, there is little possibility for nuclear accidents to happen. In other words, there won’t be any trouble to develop and exploit the nuclear power.
翻译题目三：中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义，有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质，阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。
【翻译译文】Chinese education workers have already realized the significance of reading for a nation. Some workers suggested that we should have a national reading day in 2003. They emphasized that people should read good books especially the classical ones. Through reading, people can learn better how to be grateful, responsible and cooperative. The goal of education is to cultivate these basic personalities. Reading is especially important for middle and primary school students. Suppose they don't nurture the interest of reading at that key moment, it will be harder to develop a habit to read books.
点评：翻译部分的难度比2013年的考试是有所变化的，具体表现为：考试重心转向于中国文化和社会发展——中国教育公平，培养读书习惯和核能的开发。翻译与作文对于句型的应用是一样的，但词汇方面则要注意“语内翻译”方法的应用，把原文中的陌生词汇转化为熟知词汇，应用起来得心应手。
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