主谓一致
在英语表达中,谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在 be 动词,助动词 do, have
以及一般现在时中的动词形式。谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。
名词或代词作主语有人称和单,复数之分,动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式,而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。
语法一致
1. 由 and 连接的两个名词或代词作主语
1) 这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
My brother and I have both seen that film. 我和弟弟都看了那部电影。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 大米和小麦在这个地方都有种植。
2) 这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The professor and writer is giving lectures. 那个身兼教授与作家两个身份的人正在做讲座。
War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。
Bread and butter is our daily food. 面包和黄油是我们每天的食物。
3) 这部分主语前面有 each, every, many a, no 等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:
Each doctor and(each)nurse was worried about him. 每一个医生和护士都为他担心。
Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 很多男孩子和女孩子都犯了同样的错误。
Every minute and every second is precious. 每一分钟每一秒钟都是宝贵的。
2. 动名词,不定式,主语从句作主语
动名词,不定式,主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Reading is a great pleasure in life. 读书是人生的一大乐趣。
To live means to create. 活着就意味着创造。
What is needed is food and medicine. 所需要的是食品和药品。
3. 复数名词表示数量作主语
表示时间,金钱,距离,重量的复数名词表示数量作主语时,被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:
Five thousand miles is a long distance. 五千英里是一段很长的距离。
Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。
4. 不定代词
不定代词 anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Is anybody going to tell him the news? 有人打算告诉他这个消息吗?
Someone wants to see you.有人想见你。
就近原则
1. 由连词 or 作主语
由连词 or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词和离
它最近的那个名词或代词的人称和数一致。如:
Either you or he is to be sent to Australia. 他或者你将被派往澳大利亚。
Not only his classmates but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.不但他的同学,而且他也喜欢卓别林的电影。
2. There be 句型
There be 句型中 be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。如:
There aren’t any letters for you today. 今天没有你的信。
There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.桌子上有一盏灯、两支钢笔和三本书。
3. 短语共同作主语
名词后面带有 with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than 短
语共同作主语时,谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。如:
All but one were here just now. 只有一个人没来。
An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
一位专家和几个助手被派往协助完成这项工作。
意义一致
1. 代词 none, neither, all
代词 none, neither, all 的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定。如:
All hope has gone. 所有的希望都破灭了。
All have gone to bed.所有人都去睡觉了。
None has returned from the front. 没有一个人从前线回来。
2. 集合名词
group, class, family, army, enemy, team 等名词的单、复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。如:
The class were all cheerful. 全班同学都兴高采烈。
This class wins the first prize.这个班获得了一等奖。
The group are reading the newspapers.这个小组的人在看报纸。
This group is sent to help with the traffic.这个小组被派往协助交通。
3. 限定词短语
限定词短语 all of...; none of...; a lot of...以及分数/百分数+of ...修饰名词构成的名词短语作主语时,谓
语动词的形式由 of 后面的名词形式决定。如:
None of these suggestions are very helpful. 这些建议帮助都不大。
Two-fifths of the students in the class are from England. 这个班五分之二的学生来自英格兰。
Two-fifths of the bread is left on the table.这个面包的五分之二被剩在桌子上。