bsp; Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage (不足), hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的) nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which is most hospitals includes only doctors.
21.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?
(A) The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.
(B) Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.
(C) The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.
(D) The primary nurse keeps records of the patient's health conditions every day.
22.It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
(A) compared with other hospitals nurse at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient
(B) in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view
(C) In most hospital nurse get low salaries
(D) Compared with other hospital nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital
23.A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when _____.
(A)the present one is refused by the patient
(B) the patient complains about the present one
(C) the present one proves to be ineffective
(D) the patient is found unwilling to cooperate
24.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former _____.
(A) is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital
(B) has to arrange the work shifts of the unit's nurses
(C) can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient
(D) has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses
25.The author's attitude towards the nurse system at Beth Israel Hospital is _____.
(A) negative (C) neutral
(B) critical (D) positive
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in
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