一、名词解释（每小题4分、共16分） 1．吉芬商品 2．自然垄断
3．索洛剩余 4． 充分就业预算盈余
二、判断并说明理由(每小题2分，共10分)
1、如果AB两种商品的交叉价格弹性为-1.8，那么这两种商品一定是互补品。
2、垄断厂商在实现短期均衡时，一定处于盈利状态。
3、用支出法核算GDP，其中消费部分不仅包括购买耐用消费品、非耐用消费品和劳务的支出，还包括住宅建造支出。
4、纳什均衡一定是占优策略均衡；反之则不真。
5、扩张性财政政策使AD向右移动，扩张性货币政策使AS向右移动。
三、简答题(每题6分，共24分)
1、价格歧视有哪几种？请解释说明。
2、请解释逆向选择和道德风险。
3、试比较生命周期消费理论与永久收入消费理论。
4、什么是工资粘性？为什么会存在这种现象？
四、计算题（每题10分，共20分）
1.假定在某市场上A、B两厂商是生产同种有差异的产品的竞争者；该市场对A厂商的需求曲线为Pa=200-Qa，对B厂商的需求曲线为Pb=300-0.5Qb；两厂商目前的销售量分别为Qa=50，Qb=100.求：
（1）A、B两厂商的需求的价格弹性分别是多少？
（2）如果B厂商降价后，使得B厂商的需求量增加为Qb=160，同时使竞争对手A厂商的需求量减少为Qa=40。那么，A厂商的需求的交叉价格弹性是多少？
2、假设生产函数形势为Y=0.5K^1/3N^2/3
求:（1）用储蓄率（s）和折旧率（δ）推导K/N和Y/N的稳态水平。
（2）用储蓄率（s）和折旧率（δ）推导稳态单位工人消费的表达式。
（3）假设折旧率δ=10%，试求出黄金规则水平下的储蓄率。
（4）假设在生产函数中加入技术进步的贡献，即Y=0.5K^1/3（AN）^2/3。假设储蓄率为20%，折旧率为5%，工人人数年增长率为2%，技术年增长率为3%，试求出单位有效工人产出、单位有效工人产出增长率和总产出增长率。
五、论述题(每题15分，共30分)
1、什么是囚徒困境？它反映了什么问题？我们可以采取什么样的策略解决该问题？
2、什么是货币政策？货币政策的主要手段有哪些？并结合我国当前的经济形势分析它们影响总需求的基本机制。
六、专业英语翻译（50分）
Ping An's managers and shareholders must be feeling grateful to China's painfully slow regulatory process and the cautious mandarins in Beijing who refused to approve the company's plan to buy Fortis Investments.
Ping An agreed in March to pay ?2.15bn ($3bn) for half of the asset management arm of Fortis, the Belgo-Dutch financial group which was partially nationalised on Monday with a ?11.2bn capital injection from the governments of Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg.
Fortis said on Tuesday night that it did not expect the Ping An purchase to go ahead, citing “the current severe market disruption and the ongoing uncertainty in the global capital markets”.
Ping An has a 5 per cent stake in Fortis that it bought when Fortis shares were trading at more than four times their current level. Ping An said yesterday that
changes in external economic conditions had led it to reconsider its overall strategy.
Ping An has been one of the most aggressive Chinese financial institutions in terms of overseas expansion but Beijing insiders say the group has fallen out of favour with senior political figures, in part because of the huge losses it has made on its investment in Fortis.
A tax investigation begun earlier this year is continuing and the company is still waiting for approval for an enormous fundraising plan it announced in January this year, which would have helped fund offshore acquisitions.
The 56 per cent fall in Chinese stocks this year has hurt Ping An's investment returns and contributed to a 2 per cent fall in first-half net profits and a 64 per cent drop in first-half investment income from a year earlier.
Ping An's own Shanghai-traded shares have fallen to less than a third of their January price, leaving them in a much weaker position to raise funds for an acquisition war chest.
General Electric on Wednesday unveiled plans to raise at least $15bn (￡8.5bn) in capital from stock sales to the public and Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway, in the conglomerate's latest bid to restore confidence in its financial strength.
The announcement came after a sharp rise in the cost of insuring debt for GE's finance arm forced the group to reassure investors for the third time in a month that it would not face a funding squeeze. But recent bank failures and the US Congress's rejection of financial bail-out legislation put pressure on company executives to seek additional capital in case credit markets began to choke their access to short-term loans and imperil GE's pristine debt ratings.
The agreement with Berkshire marks the second time in a week Mr Buffett has invested billions of dollars in a US bellwether whose aura of financial acumen has faded with the deepening crisis; the billionaire investor bought $5bn in preferred shares in Goldman Sachs a week ago.
GE plans to issue at least $12bn in common shares to investors. It will sell $3bn in preferred shares to Berkshire, which will also receive warrants to buy another $3bn in common stock at $22.25 within five years.
Manufacturers across the world's advanced economies suffered a torrid September,
surveys suggested yesterday, providing clear evidence that the real economy has been u
nable to escape the woes of the financial sector.
From Japan, across Europe and in the US, surveys of manufacturers were bleak with readings suggesting output was falling.
The only bright spot was China, where an equivalent survey showed a bounce back in manufacturing in September after a weak August.
Sentiment among large manufacturers in the Bank of Japan's closely watched Tankan survey turned negative for the first time since June 2003, continuing a trend of falling confidence in the world's second largest economy that has gathered momentum for the past year.
In the eurozone, the purchasing managers' index for September was confirmed at 45, down from 53.2 a year ago. Any figure above 50 indicates a majority of the survey's respondents are reporting rising output while lower figures suggest contraction.
In Britain, a sudden drop in the equivalent PMI index from 45.3 in August to 41 last month, the weakest on record, highlighted the fragility of the economic outlook and the vulnerability of UK manufacturers to global events in spite of a fall of 15 per cent in sterling over the past year.
