厦门市2012年初中毕业和高中阶段各类学校招生考试英语试题质量评估报告
一、评价的主要依据与原则
1. 评价的依据
(1) 教育部颁布的《全日制义务教育英语课程标准(实验稿)》(以下简称《课程标准》);
(2) 2012年福建省初中学业考试英语考试大纲;
(3) 本年度市教育局颁布的考试要求的有关规定;
(4) 现行教材《新目标》英语(go for it)的话题功能及词汇特点。
2. 评价的原则
以生为本,立足基础,难易适中,听、说、读、写四项技能全面考查。做到思想性、科学性和技术性的统一。正确发挥考试的导向功能,做到有利于激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣,建立学习英语的成就感和自信心,提高综合语言运用能力;有利于引导教师改进教学和学生学会学习;有利于对初中教学起到正确的导向作用;有利于普通高中招生改革和事业发展。
二、考试形式及试题结构
考试形式为闭卷笔试,总分150分。试卷结构详见下表:
试题结构(表1)
板 块 |
题 型 |
题量 |
分值 |
板块总分 |
一、听 |
I. 听音识图 |
4 |
6 |
30 |
II. 简短对话听音理解 |
6 |
9 |
III. 较长对话或短文理解 |
6 |
9 |
IV. 任务型听音填空题 |
4 |
6 |
二、基础知识 |
V. 选择填空 |
15 |
15 |
25 |
VI. 完形填空 |
10 |
10 |
三、读 |
VII. 阅读理解 |
25 |
50 |
50 |
四、说
(情景交际运用) |
VIII. 根据对话情景,填入恰当的单词 |
6 |
6 |
20 |
IX. 根据情景提示,填入恰当的短语或句子。 |
4 |
8 |
X. 根据短文情景,填入恰当的短语或句子。 |
3 |
6 |
五、写 |
XI. 段落编写 |
1 |
10 |
25 |
XII. 短文写作 |
1 |
15 |
今年试卷的结构与去年基本相同,不过“听”和“写”模块的题量和分值有所调整,听力模块总分仍然为30分,但每小题的分值改为1.5分,各大题的题量相应减少;书面表达模块两个大题的分值分别调整为10分和15分。
三、试卷的总体评价
1. 2012年考试成绩总体分析(表2)
项 目 |
数 据 |
项 目 |
数 据 |
统计人数 |
24700 |
优秀率(0.85) |
0.2263 |
满分值 |
150 |
及格率(0.6) |
0.6119 |
平均分 |
96.1918 |
标准差 |
33.9592 |
难度值 |
0.6413 |
α信度 |
0.9553 |
最高分 |
148 |
最低分 |
1 |
* 2011年考试成绩总体情况对照表(表2-1)
项 目 |
数 据 |
项 目 |
数 据 |
统计人数 |
22598 |
优秀率(0.85) |
0.2613 |
满分值 |
150 |
及格率(0.6) |
0.6255 |
平均分 |
98.1699 |
标准差 |
34.3993 |
难度值 |
0.648 |
α信度 |
0.9629 |
最高分 |
149.5(1人) |
最低分 |
0(11人) |
今年中考的学生数比去年多了2000多人,平均分比去年低了2分左右,优秀率下降了0.03多,及格率下降了0.01左右;α信度也是近几年来首次低于0.96。
2010年和2011年成绩频数分布对比(表3)
根据表3的频数分布对比可以看出,今年各个份数段的学生数由低分到高分数段基本呈自然的增长趋势,低于70分的各个分数段人数与去年相近,但高于70分的各个份数段人数明显大大多于去年,唯一特别的是141-150这个高分数段人数不到去年的一半。
2012年各区的频数分布对比参考图(表3-1)
2. 全市各区的成绩统计对比(表4)
学校名称 |
学生数 |
平均分 |
难度值 |
标准差 |
优秀率 |
及格率 |
全市 |
24700 |
96.1918 |
0.6413 |
33.9592 |
0.2263 |
0.6119 |
市属 |
3933 |
105.1658 |
0.7011 |
33.1092 |
0.3417 |
0.7135 |
思明 |
5010 |
105.3102 |
0.7021 |
31.7973 |
0.322 |
0.7238 |
湖里 |
2934 |
100.1011 |
0.6673 |
33.3494 |
0.2546 |
0.6704 |
集美 |
2522 |
94.1875 |
0.6279 |
32.065 |
0.1649 |
0.5987 |
海沧 |
1596 |
92.4911 |
0.6166 |
33.243 |
0.1642 |
0.5727 |
同安 |
4178 |
89.4579 |
0.5964 |
32.8072 |
0.157 |
0.5136 |
翔安 |
2880 |
94.2823 |
0.6285 |
28.9449 |
0.134 |
0.5837 |
民办 |
1437 |
61.2655 |
0.4084 |
33.3154 |
0.0619 |
0.2136 |
2010至2012年各区平均分与市均线差值的统计对比(表4-1)
均分比较 |
市均线 |
市属 |
思明 |
湖里 |
集美 |
海沧 |
同安 |
翔安 |
民办 |
2012年与市均线的差值 |
96.16 |
+8.97 |
+9.12 |
+3.91 |
-2.00 |
-3.70 |
-6.73 |
-1.91 |
-34.93 |
2011年与市均线的差值 |
98.17 |
+8.12 |
+11.11 |
+1.22 |
-1.483 |
-3.928 |
-9.5 |
-2.719 |
-33.752 |
2010年与市均线的差值 |
97.2 |
+8.79 |
+10.45 |
+7.78 |
-4.28 |
-4.39 |
-9.89 |
-5.56 |
-26.78 |
从上述的表格可以看出,思明和同安两个区的学生数最多,市属、思明和湖里三个区的平均分在100分以上,翔安和思明区的标准差比较小,市属和思明区的优秀率较高,岛外的四个区的及格率相对较低。
从平均分与市均线的差值来看,思明区的优势有所减弱,湖里区比去年有所回升,同安区也有明显的进步,但民办学校的差距还在继续扩大。
四、试题的详细分析
1. 听音理解
(1)总体得分情况(表5)
听力模块 |
听音选图 |
短对话理解 |
语篇理解 |
听音填词 |
满分值 |
30 |
6 |
9 |
9 |
6 |
难度值 |
0.768 |
0.88 |
0.80 |
0.81 |
0.5416 |
题号 |
满分 |
平均分 |
难度值 |
区分度 |
标准差 |
满分率 |
零分率 |
选A
比例 |
选B
比例 |
选C
比例 |
01 |
1.5 |
1.4469 |
0.9646 |
0.1179 |
0.2773 |
0.9646 |
0.0354 |
0.0159 |
0.9586 |
0.0191 |
02 |
1.5 |
1.2971 |
0.8647 |
0.4413 |
0.513 |
0.8647 |
0.1353 |
0.8596 |
0.0481 |
0.0857 |
03 |
1.5 |
1.3575 |
0.905 |
0.3383 |
0.4399 |
0.905 |
0.095 |
0.0574 |
0.0362 |
0.8995 |
04 |
1.5 |
1.18 |
0.7867 |
0.5825 |
0.6145 |
0.7867 |
0.2133 |
0.7819 |
0.1265 |
0.0834 |
05 |
1.5 |
1.2537 |
0.8358 |
0.4936 |
0.5556 |
0.8358 |
0.1642 |
0.1136 |
0.8306 |
0.0468 |
06 |
1.5 |
1.2305 |
0.8203 |
0.4983 |
0.5759 |
0.8203 |
0.1797 |
0.8156 |
0.0788 |
0.0982 |
07 |
1.5 |
0.9459 |
0.6306 |
0.649 |
0.724 |
0.6306 |
0.3694 |
0.2145 |
0.1516 |
0.6268 |
08 |
1.5 |
1.2901 |
0.86 |
0.4283 |
0.5204 |
0.86 |
0.14 |
0.0359 |
0.855 |
0.1017 |
09 |
1.5 |
1.2359 |
0.8239 |
0.5314 |
0.5713 |
0.8239 |
0.1761 |
0.0671 |
0.1066 |
0.8189 |
10 |
1.5 |
1.2551 |
0.8367 |
0.4318 |
0.5544 |
0.8367 |
0.1633 |
0.8318 |
0.0882 |
0.0719 |
11 |
1.5 |
1.1447 |
0.7631 |
0.6274 |
0.6378 |
0.7631 |
0.2369 |
0.133 |
0.1014 |
0.7585 |
12 |
1.5 |
1.3147 |
0.8765 |
0.3915 |
0.4936 |
0.8765 |
0.1235 |
0.8712 |
0.0658 |
0.056 |
13 |
1.5 |
1.2541 |
0.8361 |
0.4206 |
0.5553 |
0.8361 |
0.1639 |
0.0413 |
0.8308 |
0.1207 |
14 |
1.5 |
1.2082 |
0.8055 |
0.5527 |
0.5938 |
0.8055 |
0.1945 |
0.8003 |
0.1448 |
0.0474 |
15 |
1.5 |
0.987 |
0.658 |
0.7248 |
0.7116 |
0.658 |
0.342 |
0.0556 |
0.2834 |
0.6541 |
16 |
1.5 |
1.3917 |
0.9278 |
0.2302 |
0.3882 |
0.9278 |
0.0722 |
0.0337 |
0.922 |
0.0373 |
67 |
1.5 |
0.6519 |
0.4346 |
0.9279 |
0.7434 |
0.4344 |
0.5652 |
|
|
|
68 |
1.5 |
0.7437 |
0.4958 |
0.964 |
0.7498 |
0.4956 |
0.504 |
|
|
|
69 |
1.5 |
0.9201 |
0.6134 |
0.9049 |
0.7302 |
0.6131 |
0.3863 |
|
|
|
70 |
1.5 |
0.9339 |
0.6226 |
0.9026 |
0.7269 |
0.6223 |
0.3771 |
|
|
|
听力试题一共4个大题,除了最后的任务型听音填空题外,其它三个大题的难度值都在0.8以上,说明学生在听音理解方面的答题情况总体良好。
(3)典型试题分析
例1
7. A. 7:15. B. 8:00. C. 8:15.
听音录音稿
W: You were late for school yesterday, weren’t you?
M: Yes. I usually go to school at 7:15. But I got up late yesterday, so I got to school an hour later.
Q: What time did the boy get to school yesterday?
本题是听音理解模块选择题型试题中为数不多的难度值较低的试题,分别有21.45%和15.16%的学生错选了A和B答案。根据对题干和录音稿的详细分析可知,该题主要的难度在于听音内容中存在两个有效的信息点,许多学生可能在听力训练中被提高了捕捉某个关键信息的能力,但对于在快速的听音理解中同时捕捉多个关键信息的能力却明显不足。
例2
14. The woman lost her ______.
A. purse B. mobile phone C. watch
15. The thing was important because it ______.
A. was nice and pretty B. cost lots of money C. was a special gift
16. If you find it, you can call ______.
A. 8925286 B. 8952586 C. 8955286
听音录音稿
Excuse me, sir. Could you please give me a hand? I lost my purse on my way home. I took the No.3 bus at about 10:30 this morning. And I supposed it was still on my seat. I didn’t have a lot of money in it. The money isn’t important, but the purse was a gift from my father. If you have ever seen it, or you have any information, please call me as soon as possible. My mobile phone number is 8952586. I just want my purse back. Thank you very much.
同属于一段较长的听音内容,第15小题的难度值只有0.658,远低于其它两个小题,通过对听音内容的详细分析我们发现,第15小题并不存在客观上的高难度,学生可以直接从听音内容中的一个原句直接听出正确答案,但却有28.34%的学生错选了B答案,由此我们猜测:可能有许多学生忽略了“The money isn’t important”中的否定表达,我们还可以做另一个大胆的猜想是:由于题干加上三个选项包含太多的词数,造成学生在快速听音理解中存在过度负担而影响作答效果。
例3
IV. Listen to a passage, then fill in the blanks with the right words.
(听一篇短文,用恰当的单词填空完成67–70小题,每空一词。听三遍)
Name |
Wish |
What to do |
Grace |
Grandpa gets 67.__________ |
Give money to charities |
Willy |
68.__________ around |
Help mother do the 69.__________ |
Nina |
To be smart and 70.__________ |
Share her clothes |
听音录音稿
Look here, it’s the Wish Tree. Tell the tree your wish and what you’ll do for others when your wish comes true. Who knows? The tree may do magic to you.
OK, I’m Grace. I hope my grandpa will get well quickly. If he can leave the hospital and come home, I’ll give away all my money to charities.
I’m Willy. I want to travel all over the world. Make my wish come true and I’ll try to help my mother do all the housework.
I’m Nina. If I can turn into a smart and beautiful girl, I will share all my clothes with my sister.
参考答案: 67. well 68. Travel 69. housework 70. beautiful
本题是听音理解模块得分情况最低的答题,比预估的难度值低了许多。通过对试题的详细分析以及评卷老师的反馈可知,学生的主要失分更多地来自于单词的拼写问题,也就是说和往年出现的主观题型的得分情况远远低于选择题型的问题基本相似。
2. 基础知识与运用
(1)总体得分情况(表6)
基础知识与语用 |
选择填空 |
完形填空 |
满分值 |
25 |
15 |
10 |
难度值 |
0.74 |
0.79 |
0.67 |
(2)各小题详细数据(表6-1)
题号 |
满分 |
平均分 |
难度值 |
区分度 |
标准差 |
满分率 |
零分率 |
选A比例 |
选B比例 |
选C比例 |
17 |
1 |
0.8748 |
0.8748 |
0.4082 |
0.3309 |
0.8748 |
0.1252 |
0.0677 |
0.0549 |
0.8694 |
18 |
1 |
0.8536 |
0.8536 |
0.4348 |
0.3535 |
0.8536 |
0.1464 |
0.076 |
0.8485 |
0.0683 |
19 |
1 |
0.8877 |
0.8877 |
0.3941 |
0.3157 |
0.8877 |
0.1123 |
0.8825 |
0.062 |
0.0478 |
20 |
1 |
0.8374 |
0.8374 |
0.517 |
0.369 |
0.8374 |
0.1626 |
0.8324 |
0.0813 |
0.0794 |
21 |
1 |
0.6705 |
0.6705 |
0.6142 |
0.47 |
0.6705 |
0.3295 |
0.1959 |
0.1299 |
0.6665 |
22 |
1 |
0.7311 |
0.7311 |
0.7146 |
0.4434 |
0.7311 |
0.2689 |
0.7265 |
0.109 |
0.1569 |
23 |
1 |
0.8751 |
0.8751 |
0.3711 |
0.3307 |
0.8751 |
0.1249 |
0.055 |
0.8696 |
0.0683 |
24 |
1 |
0.7693 |
0.7693 |
0.4783 |
0.4213 |
0.7693 |
0.2307 |
0.1003 |
0.7644 |
0.1265 |
25 |
1 |
0.7572 |
0.7572 |
0.5747 |
0.4287 |
0.7572 |
0.2428 |
0.0795 |
0.1602 |
0.7528 |
26 |
1 |
0.8099 |
0.8099 |
0.5822 |
0.3924 |
0.8099 |
0.1901 |
0.1031 |
0.805 |
0.0845 |
27 |
1 |
0.7843 |
0.7843 |
0.5023 |
0.4113 |
0.7843 |
0.2157 |
0.117 |
0.7796 |
0.0962 |
28 |
1 |
0.5945 |
0.5945 |
0.5208 |
0.491 |
0.5945 |
0.4055 |
0.1626 |
0.2391 |
0.5911 |
29 |
1 |
0.7041 |
0.7041 |
0.6505 |
0.4564 |
0.7041 |
0.2959 |
0.7001 |
0.1485 |
0.1446 |
30 |
1 |
0.8181 |
0.8181 |
0.5358 |
0.3857 |
0.8181 |
0.1819 |
0.8136 |
0.1082 |
0.0713 |
31 |
1 |
0.8611 |
0.8611 |
0.4711 |
0.3458 |
0.8611 |
0.1389 |
0.0541 |
0.0826 |
0.856 |
32 |
1 |
0.7294 |
0.7294 |
0.6745 |
0.4443 |
0.7294 |
0.2706 |
0.7252 |
0.179 |
0.0877 |
33 |
1 |
0.7394 |
0.7394 |
0.5815 |
0.439 |
0.7394 |
0.2606 |
0.154 |
0.7348 |
0.1026 |
34 |
1 |
0.5923 |
0.5923 |
0.5023 |
0.4914 |
0.5923 |
0.4077 |
0.1395 |
0.2645 |
0.5885 |
35 |
1 |
0.7982 |
0.7982 |
0.535 |
0.4014 |
0.7982 |
0.2018 |
0.7932 |
0.097 |
0.1018 |
36 |
1 |
0.7931 |
0.7931 |
0.5328 |
0.4051 |
0.7931 |
0.2069 |
0.0876 |
0.1169 |
0.7881 |
37 |
1 |
0.7838 |
0.7838 |
0.5509 |
0.4117 |
0.7838 |
0.2162 |
0.7791 |
0.117 |
0.096 |
38 |
1 |
0.687 |
0.687 |
0.3849 |
0.4637 |
0.687 |
0.313 |
0.1648 |
0.6828 |
0.1438 |
39 |
1 |
0.6076 |
0.6076 |
0.401 |
0.4883 |
0.6076 |
0.3924 |
0.1315 |
0.6042 |
0.2568 |
40 |
1 |
0.4133 |
0.4133 |
0.3557 |
0.4924 |
0.4133 |
0.5867 |
0.2463 |
0.3347 |
0.4108 |
41 |
1 |
0.582 |
0.582 |
0.6287 |
0.4932 |
0.582 |
0.418 |
0.5787 |
0.2371 |
0.1753 |
基础知识与运用模块的得分情况与预估的基本一致,两个大题的难度值梯度递进合理,学生在本模块的作答情况基本正常稳定。
(3)典型试题分析
例1
21. – Jenny, will you still be here this afternoon?
– Yeah, I think I’ll stay ______ five. Then I’m leaving for dinner.
A. at B. since C. until
例2
28. – I heard that most of Jeff’s best books ______ when he was sick and poor.
A. had written B. were writing C. were written
第21和28小题是选择填空当中学生作答较差的两个小题。第21小题分别有19.59%和12.99%的学生错选了A和B答案,说明学生对英语中时间的起始,期间以及延续等表达还不够清晰准确。第28小题
分别有16.26%和23.91%的学生错选了A和B答案,说明学生对被动语态的结构掌握得不够好,或者是对被动语态这个语法现象的语感偏弱。
例3
A doctor said in his study that four “people” live in a person’s mind(意识、内心). They are father, mother, adult, and child. The father is like a teacher 32 asks himself and others a lot. The mother is so 33 that she always cares about other people. The adult is a smart worker but likes to correct others’ mistakes. And the child is cute but may not 34 others.
If the four “people” in a person’s mind 35 , the person can become a happy and healthy man. He 36 his life and people like to be with him. However, not everyone is like this, because people come from 37 families. If a person’s parents ask him 38 , he will not show his real feeling easily. He asks too much of himself, too. That is, among the four people in his mind, the “father” and the “adult” are stronger than the “mother” and the “child”. 39 if a person’s parents are too kind to ask him anything, he will care about himself only. In his mind, the “ 40 ” is stronger than the other three “people”. How to 41 the four “people” in the mind is very important in having a happy life. So we need to learn to develop a happy and healthy mind.
32. A. who B. which C. what
33. A. serious B. kind C. wild
34. A. find out B. laugh at C. think of
35. A. get along well B. argue a lot C. fight hard
36. A. saves B. spares C. enjoys
37. A. different B. poor C. small
38. A. a little B. too much C. no more
39. A. And B. But C. So
40. A. mother B. adult C. child
41. A. balance B. discover C. describe
第34、40、41小题是完形填空中得分情况较低的几个题目,通过对语篇和试题的分析可知,学生失分的主要原因还是在于整体语篇的综合理解能力不足造成的,单纯加强词汇及语法知识的教学力度不是解决这个问题的最佳方法,因为该语篇具有较强的思想和文化内涵,客观上有一定的理解难度,因此我们建议初中英语教师在保证完成基本教学任务的基础上,多给学生提供具有丰富思想文化内涵的语料及其阅读的时空。
3. 阅读理解
(1)总体得分情况(表7)
阅读理解 |
A篇 |
B篇 |
C篇 |
D篇 |
E篇 |
满分值 |
50 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
难度值 |
0.66 |
0.75 |
0.56 |
0.64 |
0.66 |
0.69 |
(2)各小题详细数据(表7-1)
题号 |
分值 |
难度 |
考查内容 |
题号 |
分值 |
难度 |
考查内容 |
A篇 |
10 |
0.75 |
幽默故事 |
54 |
2 |
0.3898 |
|
42 |
2 |
0.7675 |
|
55 |
2 |
0.4939 |
|
43 |
2 |
0.9079 |
|
56 |
2 |
0.7662 |
|
44 |
2 |
0.6655 |
|
D篇 |
10 |
0.66 |
为人处世 |
45 |
2 |
0.6466 |
|
57 |
2 |
0.7433 |
|
46 |
2 |
0.7567 |
|
58 |
2 |
0.7172 |
|
B篇 |
10 |
0.56 |
青少年问题 |
59 |
2 |
0.7536 |
|
47 |
2 |
0.4186 |
|
60 |
2 |
0.6093 |
|
48 |
2 |
0.7975 |
|
61 |
2 |
0.4772 |
|
49 |
2 |
0.4317 |
|
E篇 |
10 |
0.69 |
语言文化 |
50 |
2 |
0.4835 |
|
62 |
2 |
0.7394 |
|
51 |
2 |
0.67 |
|
63 |
2 |
0.6338 |
|
C篇 |
10 |
0.64 |
饮食文化 |
64 |
2 |
0.491 |
|
52 |
2 |
0.8611 |
|
65 |
2 |
0.7926 |
|
53 |
2 |
0.703 |
|
66 |
2 |
0.7971 |
|
今年的阅读理解试题从选材到命题都继续坚持思想性、时代性、文化性和科学性的和谐统一,尽可能保证语料的原汁原味及语言文化的丰富元素,让学生享受阅读的收获与愉悦。
学生作答情况较差的是B和C篇,B篇是一篇谈论青少年说谎问题的文章,涉及了较多的科学调查和分析描述;而C篇是有关饮食文化的文章,主要谈论当今热点话题--纪录片“舌尖上的中国”,取材于地道的新闻报道评论,因此两篇文章确实具有一定的客观理解难度,这种难度主要由语言背景知识(schema)的掌握水平所左右,与语言微技能的高低关系不大。
(3)典型试题分析
B
In the last few years, some researchers have decided to study why kids lie(撒谎). So they made up a special team of 12 students, all under the age of 21.
Each student was given 36 cards, and each card listed a topic that teens sometimes lie about to their parents. The researchers worked through the cards with the teens, learning what things the kid was lying to his parents about, and why.
By the end of the interviews, the kids saw for the first time how much they were lying and how many of family’s rules they had broken. It was reported that 98% of the teens had lied to their parents.
Out of the 36 topics, the average(平均) teen was lying to his parents about 12 of them. The teens lied about what movie they went to, and whom they went with. They lied about how they spent their afternoons while their parents were at work, and something like that.
Most parents hear their child lie and think he’s too young to understand what lies are or that lying’s wrong. They believe their child will stop when he gets older. Many books also advise parents to just let lies go ---- they’ll grow out of it. But the truth is that kids grow into it. In studies where children are observed(观察) in their natural environment, a 4-year-old child will lie once every two hours, while a 6-year-old child will lie about once every hour and a half.
47. The researchers started the project by ______.
A. playing cards B. free talking C. doing a survey
48. The topics on 36 cards are mostly between kids and ______.
A. parents B. teachers C. researchers
49. From this passage, the teens lied on about ______ of the 36 topics as an average.
A. 12% B. 33% C. 98%
50. On this topic, the advice from many books for the parents is that they ______.
A. needn’t worry about it too much
B. should take it serious enough
C. had better do something to stop it
51. According to the studies, children tell ______ lies as they get older.
A. less B. more C. no
第47题有45.7%的学生错选了A答案,明显无法通过阅读理解短文第一、二段的内容,确定作者进行的是“做调查”的描述,而不是在介绍玩卡片的游戏。
第49题属于细节理解题,可以从“Out of the 36 topics, the average(平均) teen was lying to his parents about 12 of them.”这个语句中得到正确答案,只是在理解句意的基础上,需要做一个非常简单的数学计算,竟然有42.74%的学生错选了C答案。
第50题可以通过阅读理解短文的最后一段得出正确答案是A,但却分别有20.78%和30.27%的学生错选了B和C答案。
4. 情景交际运用
(1)总体得分情况(表8)
情景交际运用 |
语篇填词 |
情景提示写句 |
语篇填句 |
满分值 |
20 |
6 |
8 |
6 |
难度值 |
0.54 |
0.54 |
0.69 |
0.35 |
(2)各小题详细数据(表8-1)
题号 |
满分 |
平均分 |
难度值 |
区分度 |
标准差 |
满分率 |
零分率 |
71 |
1 |
0.7776 |
0.7776 |
0.6441 |
0.4131 |
0.773 |
0.2178 |
72 |
1 |
0.5636 |
0.5636 |
0.9354 |
0.4898 |
0.5514 |
0.4242 |
73 |
1 |
0.5358 |
0.5358 |
0.903 |
0.4945 |
0.5274 |
0.4559 |
74 |
1 |
0.3153 |
0.3153 |
0.7557 |
0.4592 |
0.3053 |
0.6747 |
75 |
1 |
0.5573 |
0.5573 |
0.9091 |
0.4956 |
0.5553 |
0.4406 |
76 |
1 |
0.4969 |
0.4969 |
0.916 |
0.4966 |
0.4902 |
0.4964 |
77 |
2 |
1.6367 |
0.8183 |
0.5292 |
0.7253 |
0.7622 |
0.143 |
78 |
2 |
1.351 |
0.6755 |
0.8245 |
0.8555 |
0.5774 |
0.2311 |
79 |
2 |
1.3717 |
0.6859 |
0.7825 |
0.8422 |
0.5902 |
0.2348 |
80 |
2 |
1.1732 |
0.5866 |
0.8351 |
0.8056 |
0.4062 |
0.2241 |
81 |
2 |
0.5876 |
0.2938 |
0.7227 |
0.7693 |
0.1076 |
0.591 |
82 |
2 |
0.7561 |
0.378 |
0.698 |
0.8113 |
0.2244 |
0.4415 |
83 |
2 |
0.7676 |
0.3838 |
0.717 |
0.7101 |
0.0123 |
0.4409 |
情景交际运用模块的得分情况比预估的低了许多,虽然历年来非选择题型的试题难度值都偏低,但今年的第X题“根据语篇情景,用恰当的短语或句子填空,使之意思完整。”的得分情况确实偏差,评卷组反馈的问题主要有一下几点:
1. 学生对“时态”掌握得不好,包括什么时候用哪种时态以及时态的基本结构。如第81题应用现在完成时,学生却出现了have been seen, have saw等错误,还有不少学生用了其它时态;第82题应用进行时,不少学生在am 后用了动词原形;第83题应用现在完成时,学生也错误地用了将来时等其它时态。
2. 单词拼写存在问题。如第81题see的过去分词形式写成seem;第82题eat的现在分词形式写eatting;第83题photo的复数写photoes,take的过去分词形式写taked等。
教学建议:
虽然在交际题型中这些问题都不会严重扣分,但是在平常的教学中还是应当引起重视。“时态”对学生来说从来都是英语学习中的一大难点,所以教师应当想办法让学生更好地掌握各种时态。
而相对简单的第IX题“根据情景提示,用恰当的短语或句子填空。”虽然得分情况较好,但评卷中反映出来的问题还是值得重视的。
评卷组的反馈意见:
1、时态没掌握好。
部分学生把78和79题的答案写成:How is your (last) weekend? / I was outgoing.
2、you 和 your 不分。
这个错误比较普遍,看来学生的中式思维还在牢牢影响他们的英语输出。
3、介词后面的动词没加ing.
I am good at sing and dance.
I am good at singing and dance.
I am good at sing and dancing.
第一个错误还可以理解,第二和第三个错误的出现实在让人费解,莫非是粗心?眼花?紧张?
5. 书面表达
(1)总体得分情况(表9)
书面表达 |
段落编写 |
短文写作 |
满分值 |
25 |
10 |
15 |
难度值 |
0.4258 |
0.4237 |
0.4279 |
(2)各小题详细数据(表9-1)
题号 |
满分 |
平均分 |
难度值 |
区分度 |
标准差 |
满分率 |
零分率 |
段落 |
10 |
4.2367 |
0.4237 |
0.6228 |
2.8395 |
0.0005 |
0.1404 |
作文 |
15 |
6.4182 |
0.4279 |
0.6345 |
4.334 |
0.0001 |
0.207 |
书面表达模块的得分与往年相近,没有什么进展,尤其是“段落编写”的难度值与“短文写作”的几乎一样,比命题的预估难度值低,因为是比较新的题型,因此阅卷组做了比较细致的分析和反馈,以下是详细的记录情况
一、学生答题情况(几种常见错误):
1. 审题不认真,答题不规范
(1)相当一部分的学生在提示词上没有用波浪线标注出,还有一些学生使用别的标注符号,如圈住提示词等;
(2)关于词数的规定,出现这样的情况,有很多学生长篇大论,堪比大作文。
这样的学生所占比例还是相当大的,因此,在评卷中甚至会产生错觉:本题原本就需要这么多的词数,如果没有恰当的调整,很容易会对那些按要求作答的学生造成误评。
2.书写问题
单词之间没有间隔,挤成一团;不然就是涂改严重,导致卷面很糟糕。
3. 整体表达和结构框架问题。
(1)中文式表达,出现例如 I very like English. I learn English very difficult. 等句子;
(2)时态杂糅
一方面学生对在特定的时间点,该使用什么样的时态没有一个清晰的概念;另一方面,把几种时态的形式杂糅了;
(3)故事的编写,或者事件的阐述缺乏逻辑性,跳跃性大,让人不明所以;
(4)整个段落出现了两到三个话题,话题分散,中心不集中。
4.具体答题细节问题。
(1)对difficult 这个单词的中文释义,以及词性用法的掌握较差
许多学生把difficult认作different,有些甚至搬下来就成了diffcult; 还有些人把它当作名词来使用 I have a difficult in English.;
(2)fun这个词用错的频率也比较高
学生不能正确使用have fun doing something 这个短语,而且还有相当多的学生把fun当做happy来用,出现I am fun. 这样的句子;
(3)学生对本道题的“只能变词形,不能变词性”的要求掌握的不够清楚,经常把difficult变成 difficulty, fun变成 funny来答题;
(4)短语搭配混乱
把with the help of sb.写成 by the help of sb.。
短文写作使用来源于教材,与教材相关性很高的话题“rules”作为写作的主题,对初中英语的写作教学有着良好的引导作用:让那些认真分析教材,确定科学合理的教学目标,坚持以话题和意义为中心和教学的主线,通过日常的有效积累循序渐进地培养和提高学生的书面表达能力的英语老师能够明显地看到教学的成果,享受有效教学的成就感。
五、关于今后初中英语教学的几点建议。
1. 由基于教材的教学转向基于《标准》的教学
2011版新的《义务教育阶段英语课程标准》的发表,意味着初中英语教学有了比较可以遵循的统一目标和原则导向,因此,初中英语教师都应该在教学的伊始就认真地研读新课标,从宏观到微观全面领会课标的指导思想、原则及科学合理的教学建议,通过理论联系实际的方式,循序渐进地贯彻到课堂教学实践中,时时刻刻把握科学的“大局观”,从而达到师生在教学中“螺旋式上升”的共同进步。
2. 外语教学不存在捷径和秘笈,目标方向对了,一切成功来源于日常的有效积累
大部分英语教师都会认同:外语学习的成功来源于大量的操练和积累,但是如果教学方法的大方向是错的,那么日常教学的有效性将大打折扣,直接造成的后果就是:积累是无效的,或者是低效的。在保证教学目标大方向基本科学准确的基础上,积极推动学生学习的积极性,提供丰富的语料和语用的机会,引导学生多听、多读,提高语言输入的质和量;多说、多写,在运用中增强记忆,形成内化,从而真正实现外语教学的质的提高。