II. Filling Blanks: (20%)
Directions: In this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.
21. The ultimate _______ of learning a foreign language in a Grammar-Translation Method classroom is to enable the students to read and translate its literature.
22. _______ association of language with objects and persons of the immediate environment is emphasized in the Direct Method.
23. The Cognitive Approach lays emphasis on the conscious acquisition of language as a meaningful system and it seeks a basis in cognitive psychology and in transformational _______.
24. In his The Principles of Language Study, Palmer specified the _______ between language learning in real life and learning in the classroom.
25. The Oral Approach employs _______ for presenting new sentence patterns and drill-based manner of practicing them.
26. In the Cognitive Approach, teachers are required to tell the learner about the language, because knowledge of language rules facilitates _______.
27. The Direct Method believes in the natural process of language learning and in the_______ teaching of grammar.
28. The objective of the ASTP (Army Specialized Training Program) was to attain_______ proficiency in a variety of foreign languages.
29. Krashen and his like hold that _______ does not require explicit analysis or attention by the teacher, by the learner, or in language teaching materials.
30. Notional Syllabus, written by Wilkins, is a book which has a significant impact on the development of the _______ Language Teaching.
31. The emphasis on WHAT and HOW continued during the transformational generative period, when the _______ code-learning approach was much discussed.
32. According to Curran, there are six elements necessary for non-defensive learning. They are _______, attention, aggression, retention, reflection, and discrimination.
33. The Audiolingual Method, known variously as the Aural-Oral Approach and the_______ Approach, influenced the way languages were taught in the US and elsewhere in the world throughout the 1950s.
34. Only in the late 18th century did the _______ of grammar rules with translation into target language become popular as the principal practice technique.
35. In the Direct Method students are encouraged to learn to _______ in the target language.
36. Piaget considers that conceptual growth occurs because the child, while actively attempting to adapt to the environment, organizes actions, into schemata through the processes of assimilation and _______.
37. In Chomsky’s opinion, linguistic competence refers to the _______ knowledge of the language that a native speaker of that language possesses.
38. _______ competence refers to the interpretation of individual message elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the text.
39. Krashen sees the learner’s emotional state or attitudes as an adjustable _______ that freely passes or blocks input necessary to acquisition.
40. It is Halliday that made the London School of Linguistics one of the most competitive _______ theories in the world.

Ⅲ. Matching: (10%)
Directions: This section consists of two groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②,③,④, or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.
41. A. Linguists concerned　　　　　　　B. Contributions to the Cognitive Approach

①N．Chomsky	a．schema theory
②J．Piaget	b．discovery method
③J．B．Bruner	c．transformational generative grammar
④D．Ausubel	d．meaningful verbal learning and advance organizers
⑤G．Kelly	e．distinction between meaningful and meaningless learning activities

42. A. Theory of Psychology & SLA B. Representative of the Theory

①Gestalt psychology	a．Sigmund Freud
②Psychoanalysis	b．B．E．Skinner
③Behaviorism	c．J．Schumann
④The habit-formation theory	d．Max Wertheimer
⑤The acculturation theory	e．John B．Watson

IV. Questions for Brief Answers: (30%)
Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly. Five points are given to each question.
43. What are the classroom procedures used in the Direct Method?
44. In the Oral Approach，how are the learners likely to study grammar?
45. There are three aspects in the combination of structural linguistic theory, which later led to the Audiolingual Method. What are they?
46. What disciplines does foreign language teaching involve?
47. What are the four dimensions in terms of language competence entailed in the Communicative Approach according to Canale and Swain?
48. What are the five hypotheses Krashen’s monitor theory consists of?

V. Questions for Long Answers: (20%)
Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you’ve learned. Ten points are given to each question.
49. What are the principles of language teaching that Asher believes in?
50. Please make a comment on the advantages and disadvantages of the Grammar-Translation Method.from:examda.com