16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( )
A. linguistically
B. semantically
C. grammatically
D. pragmatically

17, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （ ）
A. Onomatopoeically
B. Diachronically
C. Synchronically
D. Etymologically

18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （ ）
A. ideology
B. etymology
C. mythology
D. methodology

19. Vocabulary is the most ____element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. （ ）
A. unbalanced
B. unstable
C. unhinged
D. undoubted

20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “____”and jump means “just”. （ ）
A. janitor
B. partner
C. collector
D. observer

21. In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.” The word grown can be classified into ____sense of transfer. （ ）
A. physical
B. objective
C. sensational
D. subjective

22. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called ____context. （ ）
A. non-linguistic
B. lexical
C. grammatical
D. cultural

23. The sentence “He is a hard businessman.” is ambiguous due to____. （ ）
A. grammatical structure
B. lexical context
C. homonymy
D. polysemy

24. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire____. （ ）
A. physical situation
B. grammatical structure
C. mental activity
D. cultural background

25. Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? （ ）
A. Phonetic manipulation.
B. Lexical manipulation.
C. Syntactical manipulation.
D. Figures of speech.

26. In nothing flat as an idiom is ____in nature. （ ）
A. verbal
B. nominal
C. adjectival
D. adverbial

27. The idiom “failure is the mother of success” is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned. （ ）
A. simile
B. metaphor
C. metonymy
D. personification

28. Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook? ( )
A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
B. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.
C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.
D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary.

29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______dictionary. ( )
A. unabridged
B. desk
C. pocket
D. encyclopedic

30. British dictionaries generally use____to mark the pronunciation.
A. British Phonetic Alphabet
B. American Phonetic Alphabet
C. International Phonetic Alphabet
D. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet