2017考研英语一真题及答案
Section I use of English
完形填空
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away？ The answer may be a resounding “yes！” Besides helping you feel close and connected to people you care about， it turns out that hugs can bring a host of health benefits to your body and mind。 Believe it or not， a warm embrace might even help you avoid getting sick this winter。
In a recent study involving over 400 healthy adults， researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants‘ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being exposed to the virus。 People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come down with a cold， and the researchers calculated that the stress-buffering effects of hugging explained about32 percent of that beneficial effect。 Even among those who got a cold， the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe symptoms。
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the increased risk for colds that‘s usually associated with stress，” notes study lead author Sheldon Cohen， a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania。 Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps generate the feeling that others are there to help in the face of adversity。”
Some experts attribute the stress-reducing， health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin， often called “the bonding hormone” because it promotes attachment in relationships， including between mothers and their newborn babies。 Oxytocin is made primarily in the hypothalamus in the brain， and some of it is released into the bloodstream through the pituitary gland。 But some of it remains in the brain， where it influences mood， behavior and physiology。
A。 besides B。 unlike C。 throughout D。 despite
A。 equal B。 restricted C。 connected D。 inferior
A。 view B。 host C。 lesson D。 choice
A。 avoid B.forget C。 recall D。 keep
A。 collecting B。 affecting C。 guiding D。 involving
A 。 on B。 in C。 at D。 of
A。 devoted B。 attracted C。 lost D。 exposed
A。 along B。 across C。 down D。 out
A。 imagined B。 denied C。 doubted D。 calculated
A。 served B。 restored C。 explained D。 required
A。 thus B。 still C。 rather D。 even
A.defeats B。 symptoms C。 errors D。 tests
A。 highlighted B。 increased C。 controlled D。 minimized
A。 presented B。 equipped C。 associated D。 compared
15.A。 assess B。 generate C。 moderate D。 record
15.A。 in the name of B。 in the form of C。 in the face of D。 in the way of
17.A。 attribute B。 commit C。 transfer D。 return
18.A。 unless B。 because C。 though D。 until
19.A。 remains B。 emerges C。 vanishes D。 decreases
20.A。 experiences B。 combines C。 justifies D。 influences
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text1
First two hours， now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight， at least at some major U.S。 airports with increasingly massive security lines。
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety。 The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804， which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea， provides another tragic reminder of why。 But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process。 And it should： Wasted time is a drag on Americans‘ economic and private lives， not to mention infuriating。
Last year， the Transportation Security Administration（TSA） found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried。 Enhanced security measures since then， combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices， have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago‘s O’Hare International。 It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious。
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel， so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line。 Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes。 Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees， though the airlines strongly dispute this。
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire： Enroll more people in the PreCheck program。 PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA。 Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes。 This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk， saving time for everyone involved。 TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck。
It has not gotten anywhere close to that， and one big reason is sticker shock： Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks。 Since the beginning， this price tag has been PreCheck‘s fatal flaw。 Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level。 But Congress should look into doing so directly， by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways。
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines。 It is long past time to make the program work。
The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks。
[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide。
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S。 airports。
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection。
Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports？
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags。
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA。
[C] An increase in the number of travellers。
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks。
The word “expedited” （Liner 4， Para。 5） is closet in meaning to
[A] quieter。
[B] cheaper。
[C] wider。
[D] faster。
One problem with the PreCheck program is
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale。
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation。
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it。
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment。
Which of the following would be the best for the text？
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
B explains Americans’ tolerance of current security worldwide。
C an increase in the number of travelers
D faster
D an unreasonable price for enrollment
A less Screening for More Safety
Text2
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers，” wrote Queen Liliuokalani， Hawaii‘s last reigning monarch， in 1897。 Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society。 Sadly， all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today。 Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope （TMT）， a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos。
At issue is the TMT‘s planned location on Mauna Kea， a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko， that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens。 But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes。 Rested in the Pacific Ocean， Mauna Kea‘s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere， where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity。
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new。 A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation。
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers。 In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes， they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world。 They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea‘s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands’ inhabitants。 Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today。
Yet science has a cultural history， too， with roots going back to the dawn of civilization。 The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii‘s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens。 Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are， where we come from and where we are going。 Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies， as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes。
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea。 The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact。 To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea， old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state。 There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars。
Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy。
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society。
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times。
[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time。
Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical features。
[B] its protective surroundings。
[C] its religious implications。
[D] its existing infrastructure。
The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life。
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history。
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival。
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea。
It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians。
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world。
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture。
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility。
The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of
[A] severe criticism。
[B] passive acceptance。
[C] slight hesitancy。
[D] full approval。
the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaii society
its geographical features
28.it reminds them of humiliating history
29.may uncover the origin of Hawaii culture
30.passive acceptance
