点击下载：2017年山东省高考全国卷信息归集与高考命题预测 英语
未 考 先 知
——2017年高考英语全国卷信息归集与高考命题预测
一、信息归集
1．命题要求变化
尽管2017年考纲说明变化细微，但2017年英语科高考命题将体现我国高考“一体四层四翼”的高考评价原则。基于高考真题研究和评价并综合我处和其他高考研究专家对2017年高考英语命题趋势做出提示，信息仅供参考。
（1）命题形式：从考纲说明推断，第三部分第二节（语法填空）命题素材为短文形式。
（2）考查方式：阅读理解推断题可能不仅限于简单推断类，而体现较高思维层次的推断。
2．高考考情报告
（1）命题选材丰富多样，体裁多样化。
（2）命题素材体现教育意义，落实立德树人任务。
（3）弘扬中华优秀文明，引导树立民族自信。
（4）试卷追求严谨科学，全面考查语言能力。
二、命题预测
1．命题素材体现传统文化，在语境中考查知识
命题规划重视语境设置，突出考查考生在不同语境下对词汇、句法和语篇的理解和运用能力。 试题的语境化设计可体现在各种题型的设计中，特别是从2014年开始引入的新题型--语法填空，更加明显地体现了在语境中考查语法基础知识的特点。
例题1：2017届全国100所名校最新高考模拟示范卷（六）
语法填空
An umbrella is a folding cloth cover supported by wooden or metal ribs (伞骨). The word “umbrella” 61 (typical) refers to a great invention of China, used for 62 (protect) from rain.
The Chinese character for umbrella is related to the shape of a real one, 63 (resemble) the modern umbrella in design. Some investigators have supposed that its invention 64 (create) by tying large leaves to branchy-like ribs. Others advocate that the idea probably came from the tent, 65 remains unchanged in form to the present day.
66 use of the umbrella was often linked to high-ranking in ancient China. 67 at least one occasion, twenty-four umbrellas were carried before the Emperor 68 he went out hunting. The umbrella 69 (serve) in this case as a defense against rain rather than sun. The Chinese design was later brought to Japan via Korea and also introduced to Persia and the Western world via the Silk Road. The Chinese and Japanese traditional umbrella, often 70 (use) near temples, remains similar to the original ancient Chinese design.
【语篇导读】本文素材涉及中国传统文化现象—伞的发明和发展，有利于引导考生树立文化自信。
2．稳定保持素材的语言真实性
学习语言和进行语言测试时，命题者会选取一些情景真实、语言地道的语言材料，这样才能够真正体会到该语言承载的文化。本着这一原则，命题者会尽力保持所选材料的“原汁原味”，同时结合考生的实际水平，按照考生水平进行适当简化。
例题2：2017届全国100所名校单元测试示范卷 高三 英语卷（五）
阅读理解
Company Name: Microsoft
Founder: Bill Gates
Microsoft, a household computer brand name, was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. Bill Gates got into Harvard University, but after completing just one year there, Paul managed to convince him into dropping out, so that they could found their company in 1975. Bill and Paul struggled through the first few years to get themselves established. However, they finally struck gold with their MS-DOS operating system.
Company Name: Yahoo!
Founders: Jerry Yang and David Filo
Nearly 3 years before prior to Google, two electrical engineering graduates from Stanford University—Jerry Yang and David Filo, created a website called “Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web.” The site was meant to be a directory(目录) for searching other websites. Later, in March of the same year, they renamed their website to “Yahoo!” Due to being strong-armed by Google, this company has been struggling for a number of years. Yet, it still remains one of the largest websites in the world.
Company Name: Facebook
Founder: Mark Zuckerberg
While in his second year at the Harvard University (2004), Zuckerberg decided to build a dating website to help his fellow students connect with each other. He called his website Facebook. Right from the day of its launch, Facebook started attracting more and more members each day. Since 2015, Facebook has a total of 1.44 billion active monthly users.
Company Name: Google
Founder: Larry Page and Sergey Brin
Larry Page and Sergey Brin were research students at Stanford University, California. They founded their company Google in September, 1998. Today, their Google is the most popular web search engine of all.
Company Name: Time Magazine
Founder: Britton Hadden and Henry Luce
Time Magazine, one of the most popular magazines in the US, was launched in 1923 by two Yale graduates Britton Hadden and Henry Luce. Time was the first American weekly magazine, and after its launch, it soon became widely popular.
21. What is the similarity among these companies?
A. All of them are related to the Internet.
B. All of them were born in the 20 century.
C. All of them were founded by students.
D. All of them have been developing smoothly.
22. According to the passage, when was Yahoo founded?
A. In 1993. B. In 1995. C. In 1997. D. In 1999.
23. The company with the longest history is ___________.
A. Microsoft B. Yahoo! C. Google D. Time Magazine
24. Which companies are competing against each other?
A. Microsoft and Yahoo. B. Facebook and Google.
C. Yahoo and Google. D. Facebook and Yahoo.
3．试卷内容贴近生活，贴近时代，素材符合考生认知水平
从历年的高考英语试卷可以看出，从试卷中的听力、完形填空、阅读和书面表达等，各部分的选材尽量体现以上原则。如果考生知识面较广，对这些内容的背景知识有一定程度的了解，会在阅读中占领先机。
例题3：2017届全国100所名校单元测试示范卷 高三 英语卷（三）
阅读理解
Among our greatest achievements is the accumulated technological culture -- the tool-using skill that is passed from one generation to the next. But a similar observation might be made about the New Caledonian crow, the only non-human species assumed to possess its own accumulated technological culture.
How the crows transmit(传达) knowledge to each other is the focus of a study by Corina Logan, a junior research fellow at UC Santa Barbara's Sage Center. "We don't know how they learn, and we don't know whether the crows are paying attention to the actions of others when they learn from someone else，" said Logan.
The crows have been observed using tools they've made out of long, narrow Pandanus leaves to dig worms out of logs. Even more curious, the crows have also been observed using tools made of the same material but in different shapes -- wide, narrow and stepped. However, no one has been able to explain the geographic variation in tool shapes -- all three shapes are seen at the south end of New Caledonia, while the stepped tool is more popular everywhere else.
"It's thought that in order for tool shapes to be transmitted, one bird would have to watch another cutting the leaf and then mimic that bird's actions." Logan said.
In an experiment, she found if one crow saw a companion interacting with a particular area of a device, reaching its bill through a door and pulling out a piece of boiled egg -- the treat -- the former was more likely to try that particular door before choosing the other access options. But once they went to that door, they began to solve the problem on their own.
"The social learning attracts them to a particular object and then they solve it through trial and error learning after that," Logan said.
31.What is unique to the New Caledonian crow compared to other birds?
A. The ability to use tools for food.
B. The ability to speak a bird language.
C. The ability to communicate with body language.
D. The ability to accumulate technological knowledge.
32. Which of the following can best describe crows?
A. Curious. B. Cautious. C. Smart. D. Popular.
33. What does the underlined word “mimic” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A. Observe. B. Copy. C. Predict. D. Explain.
34. What conclusion can we draw from the experiment?
A. Crows would do whatever others do.
B. Some crows are cleverer than others.
C. Crows would learn from others but not entirely.
D. Crows didn’t pay attention to others’ actions at all.
语篇导读：乌鸦是一种非常聪明的鸟，它们在觅食时会利用并且自制工具。那么它们是如何学得这种技能的呢？这正是科学家一直以来研究的问题。
4．素材体现对核心素养的蕴涵式考查和引导，传递课程改革理念
部分素材的选取特别注重对目的语国家社会生活和文化知识的介绍和传递，体现文化内涵。部分素材可能体现情感和正面价值观等思想，体现英语教学的教育性。
例题4：2017届高三第四次联考-英语试卷
完形填空
A couple of months ago I was down in Sao Paulo, Brazil for about a week for work. And I can converse in Spanish 1 don’t know any Portuguese. So in speaking I could only go as far as the 2 with Spanish could take me.
One of the last days I was down there I went to a Mall food court to 3 some food from a little Italian fast food restaurant. And when it was my turn the cashier 4 if I had any smaller bills other than a $50 Brazilian Rea is. So I set the money down 5 the counter and started looking through my wallet and setting down money, but couldn’t find 6 smaller bills to pay for my food. So she said it would be fine and started 7 the appropriate change out of the cash register. She handed me over the 8 with the change and I collected the loose bills that I had 9 . Then I walked over and sat down at a 10 and waited for them to bring out the 11 .
As I sat their waiting I started looking through my 12 only to realize that not only did I get the food and my change back, but I still had the 13 $50BRL. I had set it down on the table and had 14 other loose bills on top of it and in the 15 she had not taken my money. So I went back over to the lady at the cash register and tried to 16 to the lady as best as possible that she had not 17 my money. She was partly confused from the language 18, but seemed just as confused that I had come back19 . But I just knew that I had done that 20 to do and that honesty is a part of who I am.
1. A. though B. but C. when D. because
2. A. communications B. influences C. connections D. similarities
3. A. order B. prepare C. deliver D. return
4. A. doubted B. determined C. asked D. proposed
5. A. under B. on C. in D. beside
6. A. enough B. suitable C. valuable D. correct
7. A. sorting B. making C. leaving D. collecting
8. A. bread B. receipt C. card D. plate
9. A. laid out B. getting in C. given away D. put aside
10. A. counter B. door C. table D. chair
11. A. cash B. food C. change D. bill
12. A. menu B. wallet C. notes D. pocket
13. A. original B. extra C. excellent D. appropriate
14. A. noticed B. arranged C. piled D. compared
15. A. confusion B. excitement C. terror D. embarrassment
16. A. contribute B. explain C. supply D. require
17. A. figured B. exchanged C. managed D. taken
18. A. difference B. magnificence C. imagination D. development
19. A. in turn B. in advance C. in time D. in brief
20. A. constantly B. occasionally C. properly D. immediately
本文是夹叙夹议的文章。在布鲁塞尔旅游的时候，因为语言的差异，“我”与当地人沟通不是很流畅。在饭店订饭时，因为服务员与“我”交流上很费劲，结果忘了收“我”的钱，发现后“我”及时把钱给她，由此“我”认识到诚实是“我”的一部分。
5．书面表达
新课标高考注重对考生写作能力的有效考查。话题贴近考生生活经历和认知水平，为了保证测试公平，多从日常生活中寻找命题情境的切入点。在设计形式方面，为了尽量提高信度，命题者尽力在开放性和控制性间谋求最佳平衡点。
例题5： 2017届全国100所名校最新高考冲刺卷·英语卷（一）
第二节 书面表达
假定你是李华，在China Daily上看到某外资出版集团Mr Smith刊登的招募翻译志愿者的广告，任务是出版物英译中。请根据广告给写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 自我介绍;
2. 写信原因；
3. 申请的优势。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
